電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)工(gong)程是(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部分(fen)，主要涉及電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)設計、制造、敷設與(yu)運維管理，承(cheng)擔(dan)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)能傳(chuan)輸(shu)、分(fen)配及供電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全的(de)(de)關鍵任務。相比(bi)架空(kong)線路，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)系統(tong)具(ju)有空(kong)間利用(yong)率高、抗自然災害能力(li)強、環境影響小等優(you)勢，廣泛應用(yong)于城(cheng)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、跨海輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、工(gong)業園(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)及新能源并網等領域。

### 組成與技術(shu)特征

電(dian)纜工程的是電(dian)纜本體(ti)及(ji)其附件系統。電(dian)纜本體(ti)由導體(ti)（銅或鋁）、絕緣層(ceng)（如交聯聚乙烯(xi)XLPE）、屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)、金(jin)屬護(hu)套及(ji)外護(hu)套構(gou)成多層(ceng)防護(hu)結構(gou)，需滿足高電(dian)壓耐受、熱穩定性和(he)機械(xie)強度要求。附件包括接頭、終端頭等，需與電(dian)纜本體(ti)匹(pi)配以(yi)實(shi)現絕緣連續(xu)性和(he)密封性。施(shi)工技術涵(han)蓋直埋(mai)、排管、隧(sui)道(dao)等多種敷設方式，涉及(ji)牽引力計算、彎(wan)曲半徑(jing)控制等精細(xi)化操作(zuo)。

### 技術(shu)發(fa)展與(yu)行業趨勢

隨著特高壓輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設(she)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜正向大容(rong)量、長距離方向發展。高壓交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜（如500kV XLPE電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜）和柔性直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜（±535kV）技術已實現商業化(hua)(hua)應用。高溫(wen)超(chao)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜憑借零電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)特性，在工程中展現低損(sun)耗優勢。智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)運(yun)維通過分布式(shi)光纖測溫(wen)、局部放電(dian)(dian)(dian)在線監測等(deng)技術提升故(gu)障預警(jing)能(neng)(neng)力。

### 挑(tiao)戰與創新(xin)方向

當前行業面臨城(cheng)市地(di)下空間(jian)飽和、老舊電纜(lan)更換(huan)成(cheng)本高等(deng)挑戰。未來將聚焦(jiao)環保型(xing)可降(jiang)解(jie)護(hu)套(tao)材料、動態載(zai)流量優化算(suan)法、電纜(lan)隧道機器人巡檢等(deng)方向，同時推動超導電纜(lan)規模化應用(yong)與高壓直流電纜(lan)技術突破，助(zhu)力新型(xing)電力系統構建。電纜(lan)工程正從(cong)單(dan)一輸電載(zai)體向集成(cheng)化、智能(neng)化的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)網絡節(jie)點演進。