天津分(fen)布式光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)一(yi)種利用(yong)太陽(yang)能進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉換和(he)(he)分(fen)配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力設施(shi)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原理主要基于兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)關鍵部件：一(yi)個(ge)(ge)叫做(zuo)太陽(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板（也被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)硅(gui)面板）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)器件，另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)能夠收集并處理電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統設備(bei)—逆變(bian)器或(huo)者集電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)。當陽(yang)光照在(zai)晶(jing)體(ti)上時(shi)，“光生電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”會出現在(zai)單晶(jing)或(huo)多(duo)結晶(jing)半導體(ti)PN結兩(liang)端[3]。如果在(zai)P型區(qu)域中(zhong)(zhong)注入適量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)空位簇(-V)和(he)(he)非平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(e)，這些非均(jun)勻(yun)分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正、負載流子(zi)會在(zai)接觸處引發(fa)“空間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)限制”(SCLC)-源(yuan)/漏之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勢壘降(jiang)低；同時(shi)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由移動(dong)(dong)正離(li)子(zi)漂移到(dao)(dao)N區(qu)并在(zai)其內部與原邊近邊界處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異性(xing)雜質(zhi)原子(zi)結合形成中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)施(shi)主能級，使少子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量增(zeng)加以至越(yue)過禁帶進入導通狀態(tai);相反(fan)地，從(cong)P型層溢(yi)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)余費極粒(li)子(zi)將穿過N區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)復(fu)合中(zhong)(zhong)心而向多(duo)子(zi)和(he)(he)少數之(zhi)問的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)化方向擴散運動(dong)(dong)直到(dao)(dao)達到(dao)(dao)動(dong)(dong)態(tai)均(jun)衡為(wei)止.這樣就(jiu)在(zai)PN間(jian)形成了沿著p-n-n的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正向偏壓伏特特性(xing)曲線所定義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局部電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)14l5267890。

天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)注意事項包括以(yi)(yi)下幾點：1.選(xuan)擇(ze)適合(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)點：天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)條(tiao)件(jian)較好(hao)，但地(di)(di)(di)理(li)環境和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)也(ye)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)考(kao)慮，如光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)強度(du)、太(tai)陽直射(she)角度(du)、地(di)(di)(di)形和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)土壤特性(xing)等(deng)。選(xuan)擇(ze)合(he)(he)(he)適的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)點可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)。2.確(que)(que)保：光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統需(xu)(xu)要(yao)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)連接(jie)，的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)接(jie)入是關(guan)鍵(jian)。同時，還要(yao)確(que)(que)保組(zu)件(jian)的(de)(de)安裝牢固(gu)，天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)線(xian)正確(que)(que)可(ke)靠(kao)，天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)哪家好(hao)，以(yi)(yi)及防雷接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)有效性(xing)。3.合(he)(he)(he)理(li)設(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)布局(ju)：光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)的(de)(de)布置和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)安裝角度(du)要(yao)符合(he)(he)(he)佳(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果，同時要(yao)考(kao)慮光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板之(zhi)間的(de)(de)陰影(ying)遮擋(dang)問題。合(he)(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)布局(ju)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)程(cheng)度(du)地(di)(di)(di)利用太(tai)陽能資(zi)源。4.定期(qi)維護和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)清(qing)潔：定期(qi)檢查(cha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)維護光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)備，確(que)(que)保其正常運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)。另(ling)外，定期(qi)清(qing)潔光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)表面(mian)的(de)(de)灰塵和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)污垢，以(yi)(yi)保持光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)的(de)(de)透過(guo)率，提(ti)高(gao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率。5.合(he)(he)(he)規(gui)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)監(jian)測(ce)：遵守相關(guan)的(de)(de)法律法規(gui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)范要(yao)求(qiu)，如并網(wang)接(jie)入審批、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)標準、安全運(yun)(yun)(yun)維要(yao)求(qiu)等(deng)。同時，天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格，建立(li)監(jian)測(ce)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統，天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)報價(jia)，實時監(jian)測(ce)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)狀況，及時發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)解決(jue)問題。總之(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)注意地(di)(di)(di)點選(xuan)擇(ze)、、合(he)(he)(he)理(li)設(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)布局(ju)、定期(qi)維護清(qing)潔以(yi)(yi)及合(he)(he)(he)規(gui)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)監(jian)測(ce)等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)問題，以(yi)(yi)確(que)(que)保系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)長(chang)期(qi)穩定發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)一種(zhong)利用(yong)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進行發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。它(ta)通過將(jiang)太陽(yang)(yang)光轉(zhuan)換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)來(lai)供應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力。光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)主要(yao)優點是(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生、清潔、可(ke)(ke)(ke)預測和(he)(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)調節。它(ta)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)在各種(zhong)環境和(he)(he)地理位置上部署，從而滿(man)足不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力需求。光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)主要(yao)類(lei)型包括晶(jing)體硅太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、薄(bo)膜太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和(he)(he)染料(liao)敏(min)化(hua)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。這(zhe)些(xie)類(lei)型的(de)(de)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池都依(yi)賴于太陽(yang)(yang)光來(lai)材料(liao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)，產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在范圍內得到了廣泛的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。它(ta)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)于住(zhu)宅、商業(ye)、工業(ye)和(he)(he)農業(ye)用(yong)途。它(ta)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)作為(wei)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，以(yi)防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力中(zhong)斷。此外，光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)于滿(man)足各種(zhong)類(lei)型的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)需求，包括熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力和(he)(he)冷凍能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。盡(jin)管光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具有許(xu)多優點，但它(ta)也存在一些(xie)挑戰。其中(zhong)包括高(gao)成本、材料(liao)短缺和(he)(he)依(yi)賴太陽(yang)(yang)光的(de)(de)不穩定性(xing)。為(wei)了克服這(zhe)些(xie)挑戰，科(ke)學(xue)家和(he)(he)工程(cheng)師正在不斷研究和(he)(he)開(kai)發新(xin)的(de)(de)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術，以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)效率和(he)(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)。