一(yi)般占綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)耗的60%。也(ye)就(jiu)是說和鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)石相比，用廢(fei)鋼(gang)(gang)直接煉鋼(gang)(gang)可節約能(neng)(neng)源60%，其(qi)中每多用1噸(dun)(dun)廢(fei)鋼(gang)(gang)可少用1噸(dun)(dun)生鐵(tie)(tie)，可節約0.4噸(dun)(dun)焦炭(tan)或1噸(dun)(dun)左右的原煤。廢(fei)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)回收(shou)(shou)結(jie)構發生了較(jiao)大變(bian)化，大型鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)企業(ye)廢(fei)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)回收(shou)(shou)量同(tong)比增長(chang)64.2%，所(suo)占廢(fei)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)回收(shou)(shou)總(zong)量比例增至(zhi)85.1%;其(qi)他(ta)企業(ye)回收(shou)(shou)量同(tong)比下降(jiang)57.5%，所(suo)占廢(fei)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)回收(shou)(shou)總(zong)量比例下降(jiang)至(zhi)14.9%。如(ru)果我們在(zai)國(guo)際市場銅價非(fei)理性(xing)暴漲的情(qing)況(kuang)下，一(yi)窩蜂到國(guo)外開發銅礦(kuang)，廢(fei)銅回收(shou)(shou)勢必(bi)抬(tai)高基礎價格，付出沉重(zhong)的代價。

 銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)澆(jiao)鑄方法：圓盤澆(jiao)鑄機(ji)是(shi)大(da)型(xing)礦銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工廠采用的(de)(de)主要澆(jiao)鑄設備(bei)，直(zhi)線澆(jiao)鑄機(ji)結構(gou)(gou)簡單(dan)，緊(jin)湊，占地面積少，投資低，但陽較質量相(xiang)對較差，僅為小(xiao)型(xing)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或礦銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工廠采用。直(zhi)線澆(jiao)鑄機(ji)是(shi)一種行車(che)輸送(song)機(ji)，它(ta)是(shi)由傳動機(ji)構(gou)(gou)、牽(qian)(qian)引鏈(lian)條板（牽(qian)(qian)引構(gou)(gou)件）、模框小(xiao)車(che)（承載構(gou)(gou)件）、鐵軌（支(zhi)承裝(zhuang)置）以及軸(zhou)承張緊(jin)裝(zhuang)置組成。廢雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已成為世界上(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)電銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要原料(liao)之一。由于(yu)廢雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)來(lai)源各(ge)異，化學成分(fen)與物理(li)規格各(ge)不相(xiang)同，因而處理(li)的(de)(de)方法不同，熔(rong)煉的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)也有別。再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)熔(rong)煉的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)：其一是(shi)直(zhi)接熔(rong)煉成銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)合金或線錠銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；其二(er)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)精銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。

直接熔煉成銅基(ji)合金或線(xian)錠(ding)銅，則熔煉的(de)目的(de)是：

（ 1 ）脫除溶于銅合金中的雜(za)質元素(su)和氣體；

（ 2 ）調整化(hua)(hua)學成分(fen)(fen)以產出合乎牌號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金產品或線錠銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，用于(yu)生(sheng)產銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金或線錠銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)成分(fen)(fen)必須(xu)純凈(jing)。　　紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)又名(ming)紅銅(tong)(tong)(tong)就，因其(qi)顏色為(wei)紫(zi)紅色而得名(ming)，特(te)性導電(dian)好、塑性好、導熱也(ye)好，但(dan)硬度低(di)于(yu)黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，通常(chang)會用于(yu)發(fa)電(dian)機﹑母(mu)線﹑電(dian)纜﹑開關裝(zhuang)置﹑變壓器等電(dian)工(gong)器材和熱交換(huan)器﹑管道﹑太陽(yang)能加熱裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)平板集(ji)熱器等導熱器材。紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒別方式(shi)與黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)差不(bu)多，價格會在幾十塊錢一斤不(bu)等，根據(ju)摻雜率與市場行情而定，比如說化(hua)(hua)工(gong)單位處理的(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)電(dian)纜，回收(shou)公司(si)會根據(ju)廢(fei)(fei)紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)價格，及電(dian)纜皮的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量來進(jin)行打(da)折。

 銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)具(ju)(ju)有優良(liang)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)熱和(he)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，以(yi)及良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)抗腐蝕(shi)和(he)機(ji)(ji)械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)容易被加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)復雜的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)細(xi)絲(si)。建筑師經常利用其(qi)亮紅(hong)色和(he)其(qi)被侵蝕(shi)后的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)綠，來作為建筑物、頂棚(peng)和(he)戶外(wai)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾。　眾所(suo)周知，廢鋁回(hui)收多少錢一斤，中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)增長依賴于石油化工和(he)其(qi)他能(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)支持，特別(bie)是自1980年(nian)代以(yi)來，能(neng)(neng)源對經濟(ji)發(fa)展的(de)(de)約束，導(dao)(dao)致的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)強度消耗能(neng)(neng)源安全危機(ji)(ji)在我(wo)國(guo)越來越嚴重(zhong)，此外(wai)，廢鐵回(hui)收相關(guan)人員發(fa)現我(wo)國(guo)工業化的(de)(de)加(jia)快，由(you)燃煤(mei)排放的(de)(de)污染問(wen)題逐步深化。　　銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)易與(yu)其(qi)它元素形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)合(he)金，大(da)量用來制造異型的(de)(de)鍛件(jian)(jian)、鑄造件(jian)(jian)和(he)粉(fen)(fen)末冶金產(chan)品。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)鎳(nie)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)合(he)金具(ju)(ju)有抗海水腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)優良(liang)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。錫可以(yi)提高(gao)(gao)固溶體(ti)中(zhong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)強度和(he)抗腐蝕(shi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。鋅(xin)和(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金，即黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉(fen)(fen)，被用于水管、鎖件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門、管件(jian)(jian)。含有鎳(nie)、錫、鈦、鈹及鈷的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金強度相當于高(gao)(gao)強度鋼，而且具(ju)(ju)有高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)率和(he)導(dao)(dao)熱性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋅(xin)鋁合(he)金常被用于生產(chan)片狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)金粉(fen)(fen)。通(tong)過(guo)調整錫鎳(nie)成(cheng)(cheng)分，可以(yi)生成(cheng)(cheng)特定(ding)的(de)(de)顏(yan)色。