輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)主(zhu)要應用于工業自動化(hua)系統工程中(zhong)，特(te)別(bie)是使用變頻器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場合，用于延長變頻器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)傳輸距離，有(you)(you)效(xiao)抑制變頻器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)IGBT模塊開關時產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間高壓。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)也(ye)叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)，三(san)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)，一個導體通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時就會(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)所(suo)占據的(de)(de)(de)(de)一定空間范圍產生(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)場，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)能(neng)載(zai)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導體都有(you)(you)一般意義(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)性。然而(er)導體的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)較(jiao)小，所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場不強，因此實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)是導線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞成螺線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)形式。并(bing)且，為了讓(rang)這只螺線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)具(ju)有(you)(you)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)，還會(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)螺線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)插入鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)，其(qi)結構主(zhu)要是由(you)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)和線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。由(you)于鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)磁(ci)(ci)介質的(de)(de)(de)(de)導磁(ci)(ci)率極高，而(er)且它的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)是非(fei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)用在(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)必須帶有(you)(you)氣(qi)隙(xi)(xi)。帶氣(qi)隙(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)，其(qi)磁(ci)(ci)阻主(zhu)要取決(jue)于氣(qi)隙(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸。由(you)于氣(qi)隙(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)特(te)性基本(ben)上是線(xian)(xian)(xian)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)值不由(you)外在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)決(jue)定，而(er)是取決(jue)于自身線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)匝數、線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)和鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)心(xin)(xin)氣(qi)隙(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸。

發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機滿負(fu)載試驗用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)雛型(xing)。鐵(tie)心式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由于分(fen)(fen)段鐵(tie)心餅之間存在(zai)(zai)著交(jiao)變磁場的(de)(de)吸(xi)引力，因此噪音一般(ban)要(yao)比同(tong)容(rong)量變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)出10dB左右。并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)面(mian)通(tong)過的(de)(de)交(jiao)流，并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用是補償系統(tong)的(de)(de)容(rong)抗(kang)。通(tong)常(chang)與晶閘(zha)管串聯(lian)(lian)，可連續(xu)調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)額(e)定負(fu)載下長期正常(chang)運(yun)行的(de)(de)時間，就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)使用壽(shou)命。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使用壽(shou)命由制造(zao)它(ta)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)所(suo)決定。制造(zao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)有(you)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)和絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)兩(liang)大類(lei)。金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)耐高(gao)溫，而(er)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)長期在(zai)(zai)較高(gao)的(de)(de)溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和磁場作(zuo)(zuo)用下，會逐漸失去原有(you)的(de)(de)力學性能和絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能，例如(ru)變脆、機械強(qiang)度減(jian)弱(ruo)、穿(chuan)。這個漸變的(de)(de)過程就(jiu)是絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)老化。CRT 作(zuo)(zuo)為一種重要(yao)的(de)(de)可控(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類(lei)型(xing)， 對其分(fen)(fen)類(lei)的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)尚無文(wen)獻報(bao)道(dao)。 近些年的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)主要(yao)集(ji)中在(zai)(zai)控(kong)(kong)制繞組(zu)的(de)(de)結構(gou)形(xing)式及控(kong)(kong)制方(fang)式的(de)(de)方(fang)面(mian)， 筆(bi)者(zhe)根(gen)據控(kong)(kong)制繞組(zu)的(de)(de)結構(gou)不同(tong)將 CRT 分(fen)(fen)為單控(kong)(kong)制繞組(zu)型(xing)、多(duo)(duo)控(kong)(kong)制繞組(zu)型(xing)、多(duo)(duo)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)支路型(xing)、控(kong)(kong)制繞組(zu)分(fen)(fen)級式。

本(ben)質上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)就是一個大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗線(xian)圈。根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感(gan)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感(gan)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場總是阻(zu)礙(ai)原(yuan)(yuan)來磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化。如(ru)果磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)減少，感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場與(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)來磁(ci)(ci)場方向一致，如(ru)果磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)增(zeng)加，感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場與(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)來磁(ci)(ci)場方向相反。根(gen)據這個原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)，如(ru)果回路突然出現瞬間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)大，那么電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)線(xian)圈產(chan)生(sheng)一個阻(zu)礙(ai)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，在反響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia)必(bi)然產(chan)生(sheng)一個反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)抑制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間增(zeng)大，系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)水平。多(duo)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)支路型 CRT 中(zhong)繞(rao)組 W1 為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組，并(bing)(bing)接在高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網上；繞(rao)組 W2 為低(di)壓(ya)(ya)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繞(rao)組，外接 n 個通(tong)過雙向反并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)晶(jing)閘管(guan)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗支路。 多(duo)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)支路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是將高次諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)抑制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到預定(ding)水平以下(xia)而無需濾波(bo)裝(zhuang)置。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)在額(e)定(ding)負載下(xia)長(chang)期(qi)正常(chang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)使用(yong)壽(shou)命由制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)所決定(ding)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有金(jin)屬材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和絕(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)兩(liang)大類。金(jin)屬材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)耐高溫，而絕(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)長(chang)期(qi)在較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和磁(ci)(ci)場作用(yong)下(xia)，會逐漸失(shi)去原(yuan)(yuan)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)學性能(neng)和絕(jue)緣性能(neng)，例如(ru)變(bian)脆、機(ji)械強度減弱、穿。這個漸變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)就是絕(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老化。