傳感器特征分類有哪(na)些呢(ni)

按信號變換特征分類

（1）結構(gou)型：主要是通過傳感器結構(gou)參(can)量的(de)變化(hua)實(shi)現信號變換的(de)。例如，電(dian)容(rong)式(shi)傳感器依靠極板間距離的(de)變化(hua)引(yin)起電(dian)容(rong)量的(de)改(gai)變。

（2）物性型：是(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)敏感元件材料本身物理(li)屬性的(de)變化(hua)來實現信號變換的(de)。例如溫度計是(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)熱脹冷縮現象測量(liang)溫度，壓(ya)電式傳感器是(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)石英(ying)晶體的(de)壓(ya)電效(xiao)應實現測量(liang)等。

傳感器有幾種類型呢

根據傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的工作原理可把電容式傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)分為變(bian)極距型(xing)(xing)、變(bian)面(mian)積型(xing)(xing)和變(bian)介質型(xing)(xing)三種類(lei)型(xing)(xing)。

根據傳感(gan)器(qi)的結構(gou)可(ke)(ke)把(ba)電容式(shi)(shi)(shi)傳感(gan)器(qi)分為(wei)三種類型的結構(gou)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)。它們又可(ke)(ke)按位(wei)(wei)移(yi)的形式(shi)(shi)(shi)分為(wei)線位(wei)(wei)移(yi)和(he)角位(wei)(wei)移(yi)兩種，每一(yi)種又依據傳感(gan)器(qi)極板形狀(zhuang)分成(cheng)平(ping)(圓(yuan)形)板形和(he)圓(yuan)柱(圓(yuan)筒)形，雖然還有(you)球面形和(he)鋸(ju)齒形等其(qi)他形狀(zhuang)，但一(yi)般很少用。其(qi)中(zhong)差動式(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般優(you)于單(dan)(dan)組(zu)(單(dan)(dan)邊)式(shi)(shi)(shi)傳感(gan)器(qi)，應變計，它具有(you)靈敏度高、線性(xing)范圍(wei)寬、穩定性(xing)高等特點。

傳感器轉動原理

當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)盤(pan)時，遮光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)盤(pan)使光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)元件之間的光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束產生通/斷(duan)(duan)變化，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)元件的這(zhe)種反復開/關狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)將產生與轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角成一(yi)定比例的一(yi)系列數字信號(hao)(hao)，應變計廠家，ECU可(ke)根(gen)據此信號(hao)(hao)的變化來判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)盤(pan)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角與轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速。同時，傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)結(jie)構上采用兩(liang)組光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)，可(ke)根(gen)據檢測到的脈沖信號(hao)(hao)的相位差來判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)盤(pan)的偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。這(zhe)是(shi)因為兩(liang)對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)安裝時使其ON、OFF變換(huan)的相位錯開90°，通過(guo)判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)哪對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)首先轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變為ON狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)，即可(ke)檢測出轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)軸的偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。例如，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時，左側(ce)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)總(zong)(zong)是(shi)先于(yu)右側(ce)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)達到ON狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)；而向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時，右側(ce)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)總(zong)(zong)是(shi)先于(yu)左側(ce)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)達到ON狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)。