在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)式(shi)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，我(wo)們需(xu)要知道(dao)怎樣提高大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)式(shi)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)只有充分(fen)考慮影(ying)響(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)式(shi)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各方(fang)面因素(su)(su)，才能(neng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)式(shi)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力(li)得到充分(fen)發揮(hui)，那么，影(ying)響(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)式(shi)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)(su)有哪些呢？ 1、改良(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝夾(jia)、壓緊方(fang)式(shi)，能(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)卡具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)傳統壓板(ban)；縮短(duan)上(shang)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)輔助時(shi)間；2、減少(shao)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)式(shi)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)對單(dan)(dan)一(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務，就是縮短(duan)總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間，從(cong)而(er)提率(lv)；比如工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)上(shang)有少(shao)數幾(ji)個螺(luo)紋(wen)通孔，就比較適合(he)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)操作(zuo)員徒(tu)手加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，當工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)夾(jia)好，開始(shi)(shi)運(yun)行程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，操作(zuo)者就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)輔以(yi)(yi)手動攻絲；3、選(xuan)擇適合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。能(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)組合(he)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)一(yi)(yi)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。比如鉆孔和倒角，就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)組合(he)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)完成(cheng)；4、優化加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)。一(yi)(yi)個零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，一(yi)(yi)般可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)編出幾(ji)個不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，但是程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)之間就有區別。能(neng)夠使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)定位實(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)移(yi)動，就盡量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進給的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)；對于長(chang)(chang)形工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過調整刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起始(shi)(shi)方(fang)向，來(lai)(lai)減少(shao)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空走(zou)行程(cheng)(cheng)，意思(si)就是說在(zai)(zai)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)，開始(shi)(shi)換刀(dao)(dao)做下(xia)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)，就從(cong)此段開始(shi)(shi)接著加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)再空走(zou)到另一(yi)(yi)段開始(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；5、正確選(xuan)擇刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)切削速(su)度。切削速(su)度過低(di)，單(dan)(dan)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間長(chang)(chang)，效(xiao)率(lv)低(di)；過高又會使(shi)(shi)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)壽命變短(duan)，增加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)換刀(dao)(dao)、對刀(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)(ci)數，總(zong)體下(xia)來(lai)(lai)效(xiao)率(lv)也低(di)，實(shi)際選(xuan)擇可(ke)(ke)參考刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)參數；6、另外(wai)，倘若排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)式(shi)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)相似(si)，區別不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)考慮將刀(dao)(dao)庫中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)位置放同(tong)一(yi)(yi)把刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)變，在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)中(zhong)盡量(liang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)號編程(cheng)(cheng)，此法可(ke)(ke)節(jie)省更換加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)時(shi)換刀(dao)(dao)、對刀(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，從(cong)而(er)提率(lv)。

卡(ka)盤(pan)由于(yu)長時(shi)間的(de)使用(yong)，卡(ka)爪(zhua)(zhua)內日磨(mo)(mo)損，往往呈喇叭形，且定心不好(hao)，影響工件的(de)裝(zhuang)卡(ka)和(he)加工精度。為此，采用(yong)了研磨(mo)(mo)方法(fa)，對三(san)爪(zhua)(zhua)卡(ka)盤(pan)卡(ka)爪(zhua)(zhua)的(de)內口(kou)進行修復(fu)。這種方法(fa)簡單、經濟，使用(yong)效果好(hao)。研磨(mo)(mo)時(shi)，先選擇(ze)直徑(jing)小于(yu)卡(ka)盤(pan)體內孔的(de)砂(sha)輪(lun)，其(qi)磨(mo)(mo)料為白剛玉，粒度為46#～60#，安(an)裝(zhuang)在帶有莫氏(shi)錐柄的(de)磨(mo)(mo)桿上(shang)(shang)，以(yi)便(bian)于(yu)安(an)裝(zhuang)在車床尾座上(shang)(shang)。然后(hou)將卡(ka)盤(pan)爪(zhua)(zhua)移至(zhi)與砂(sha)輪(lun)接觸，開動車床，使卡(ka)盤(pan)以(yi)大(da)于(yu)960r/min的(de)速度旋轉，再驅動尾座手輪(lun)，使砂(sha)輪(lun)前后(hou)移動。往復(fu)研磨(mo)(mo)幾次后(hou)，把卡(ka)爪(zhua)(zhua)適當收緊(jin)，這樣反復(fu)研磨(mo)(mo)幾次，視爪(zhua)(zhua)面都(dou)研磨(mo)(mo)好(hao)即可

一(yi)(yi)、誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)法(fa)(fa)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)法(fa)(fa)，是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)功能(neng)，對車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)坐(zuo)標軸(zhou)(zhou)上已(yi)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)，從而(er)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種方法(fa)(fa)。其(qi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種既有效又經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)能(neng)夠在(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)不是(shi)很高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)上加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)。誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施可以(yi)由硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)來完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)，也可由軟件(jian)(jian)來完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)。 1、編程法(fa)(fa)可以(yi)在(zai)機械(xie)部分不變(bian)和低速(su)單(dan)(dan)向(xiang)(xiang)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)到(dao)達(da)插補(bu)起(qi)始點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，實現排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)插補(bu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。插補(bu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程中插補(bu)進(jin)(jin)給中遇反向(xiang)(xiang)時(shi)，給反向(xiang)(xiang)間隙值(zhi)再(zai)正式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)插補(bu)就(jiu)可以(yi)滿足零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公差(cha)(cha)(cha)要求。其(qi)他類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)可以(yi)在(zai)設(she)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)裝置內存中設(she)有若干個(ge)地址，使其(qi)作(zuo)為儲(chu)存單(dan)(dan)元存儲(chu)各軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反向(xiang)(xiang)間隙值(zhi)。當排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)個(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)被(bei)指令改(gai)變(bian)運(yun)動方向(xiang)(xiang)時(shi)，排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)裝置會不定(ding)(ding)時(shi)讀取該(gai)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反向(xiang)(xiang)間隙值(zhi)，并對坐(zuo)標位(wei)(wei)(wei)移指令值(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)、修正，并根據(ju)要求準(zhun)確(que)地把車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置，***或減小反向(xiang)(xiang)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)(cha)(cha)對零(ling)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。 2、對于(yu)采用(yong)(yong)半閉(bi)環(huan)伺服系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)，車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)和重(zhong)復(fu)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)受反向(xiang)(xiang)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，進(jin)(jin)而(er)影響(xiang)到(dao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)，對于(yu)這種情況下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)，能(neng)夠采用(yong)(yong)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)法(fa)(fa)對反向(xiang)(xiang)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)(cha)(cha)給予補(bu)償(chang)(chang)，減少加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)。 二、誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)防止(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)防止(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)屬于(yu)事前預防，也就(jiu)是(shi)試(shi)圖通(tong)過(guo)(guo)制造和設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途(tu)徑(jing)來***可能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)源。比如(ru)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)零(ling)部件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與裝配(pei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)，加(jia)大車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)(du)，也就(jiu)是(shi)改(gai)善車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構和材料以(yi)及通(tong)過(guo)(guo)嚴(yan)格(ge)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制機械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)境(jing)，如(ru)車(che)(che)(che)(che)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)境(jing)和溫升等方法(fa)(fa)，特別(bie)是(shi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)機械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)方法(fa)(fa)。誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)防止(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)采用(yong)(yong)“硬(ying)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)”，不過(guo)(guo)該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)缺點，就(jiu)是(shi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)與造價成(cheng)幾何級(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)關系(xi)增長。同時(shi)，單(dan)(dan)純采用(yong)(yong)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)防止(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)來提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)排(pai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)，在(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)達(da)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要求后，再(zai)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)會十分困(kun)難(nan)。

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