融(rong)雪劑溶于水（雪）后，機場融(rong)雪劑批(pi)發，其(qi)冰點在(zai)零(ling)度(du)下(xia)，如，氯(lv)化鈉（鹽主要成分）溶于水后冰點在(zai)-10℃，氯(lv)化鎂在(zai)-20℃左右，氯(lv)化鈣在(zai)-30℃左右，醋酸類可達-35℃左右。

   鹽(yan)(yan)類的(de)溶(rong)解需(xu)要(yao)吸(xi)熱(re)以外，還有(you)一個作用(yong)就是鹽(yan)(yan)水(shui)的(de)凝固點較低，因(yin)此(ci)在雪水(shui)中溶(rong)解了鹽(yan)(yan)之后就難以再形成(cheng)冰(bing)塊。此(ci)外，雪融劑溶(rong)于(yu)水(shui)后，水(shui)中離子濃度上升，使(shi)水(shui)的(de)液相蒸氣(qi)壓下降，但冰(bing)的(de)固態蒸氣(qi)壓不變(bian)。

溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解是一個物理化學過程，當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解在溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)中(zhong)形成溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液后，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)不同(tong)于原來的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)某些(xie)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)本性(xing)(xing)有(you)關(guan)，如(ru)顏色(se)、導電性(xing)(xing)等。但是溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)另一類性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如(ru)蒸(zheng)氣壓(ya)下降(jiang)、沸點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)升高、凝固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)降(jiang)低(di)及(ji)滲透壓(ya)，只與(yu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液中(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粒(li)子的(de)(de)濃度(du)有(you)關(guan)，而與(yu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)本性(xing)(xing)無關(guan)。由于這(zhe)類性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)變化，只適用于稀(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液，稱為(wei)稀(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)依(yi)數性(xing)(xing)，如(ru)化冰鹽(yan)的(de)(de)水(shui)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)凝固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)隨(sui)著鹽(yan)的(de)(de)濃度(du)增加而降(jiang)低(di)，一直降(jiang)低(di)到冰鹽(yan)合晶點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，稀(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)凝固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、沸點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具(ju)有(you)依(yi)數性(xing)(xing)，它與(yu)每1000g溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)中(zhong)含溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)量(liang)的(de)(de)值有(you)關(guan)，每上升1mol/1000水(shui)，凝固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下降(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)約1．86℃。如(ru)若1000水(shui)中(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)有(you)58.5gNaCl，也就是大(da)(da)(da)約1mol，此(ci)鹽(yan)水(shui)的(de)(de)凝固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)便大(da)(da)(da)約是－3.72℃，這(zhe)樣可由鹽(yan)水(shui)的(de)(de)濃度(du)大(da)(da)(da)致推出(chu)其凝固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

融雪劑對于(yu)混凝土(tu)路面的破壞(huai)

混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)在(zai)(zai)撒過(guo)融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)劑，機(ji)場融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)劑規格，經過(guo)一個冬季以后，路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)“泛白”現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)顏色變(bian)淺，有的(de)(de)地方會(hui)(hui)很(hen)松散或(huo)者有骨(gu)料剝落(luo)，從而使路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)發生(sheng)大(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)損(sun)害。在(zai)(zai)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)融(rong)(rong)化(hua)后，濟南機(ji)場融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)劑，混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)破(po)壞后常出(chu)現(xian)(xian)“擠泥”現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);在(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)維護時，能夠(gou)發現(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)床已經有沉陷或(huo)是(shi)彭脹變(bian)形(xing)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，機(ji)場融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)劑效(xiao)果，很(hen)大(da)一部分原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)氯(lv)鹽(yan)類溶液(ye)滲人到(dao)路(lu)(lu)基中，破(po)壞了原(yuan)來的(de)(de)結構(gou)。融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)劑對于混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)破(po)壞還體現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)像剝蝕這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)物理作用上，冬季外界溫(wen)度(du)普遍較低，混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)中存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)水分，會(hui)(hui)發生(sheng)結凍現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，體積迅速(su)膨大(da)，對路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)產生(sheng)結冰壓力(li)。當(dang)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)中的(de)(de)水分含量增加(jia)，達到(dao)臨界飽水度(du)時，路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)受到(dao)拉應力(li)的(de)(de)作用，由(you)于冬季凍融(rong)(rong)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)循環發生(sheng)，破(po)壞力(li)度(du)不斷(duan)上升。