在自流輸送中，充填倍線(xian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)大時，產生(sheng)的沿(yan)程阻(zu)力(li)(li)大于其勢能(neng)轉化，料漿在輸送過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中流態(tai)不穩，流速過(guo)(guo)(guo)低，速過(guo)(guo)(guo)高，壓力(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)大，容易(yi)產生(sheng)爆管(guan)；

新(xin)型膠固材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)填充：以工(gong)業廢渣為原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)礦(kuang)山(shan)充填膠固料(liao)(liao)(liao)。它(ta)與水(shui)泥(ni)比有突出的(de)特點，對細粒部分(fen)寬容性大，安徽充填，在低于65%的(de)濃度(du)時，漿料(liao)(liao)(liao)也能(neng)做到不離析、不分(fen)層、泌水(shui)量小、固化時間短，同樣強度(du)用量是水(shui)泥(ni)的(de)1/2.

充填倍線：充填管(guan)路(lu)的總長度(du)與(yu)充填管(guan)路(lu)起止口的高度(du)差之(zhi)比(圖(tu))。

充填倍線計算示意圖

充填倍線計算公式：

N=L/H

式中：N——充填倍線(xian)；

H——充填(tian)管(guan)道起(qi)點(dian)和終(zhong)點(dian)的高差；

L——包括彎頭、接頭等管(guan)(guan)件(jian)的換算長(chang)度(du)在(zai)內的管(guan)(guan)路(lu)總長(chang)度(du)，L=L1+L2+L3+L4+L5。

 ;    在自流(liu)(liu)輸送中，礦(kuang)山充填系(xi)統主要(yao)構成(cheng)要(yao)素，充填倍(bei)線(xian)過(guo)大時，產生(sheng)的沿(yan)程阻(zu)力(li)大于其(qi)勢(shi)能轉化，料(liao)漿在輸送過(guo)程中流(liu)(liu)態不穩，流(liu)(liu)速過(guo)低，尾礦(kuang)充填設備(bei)有那些(xie)技(ji)術要(yao)求，

造成堵管(guan)(guan)等(deng)嚴重事(shi)故；充填倍線過(guo)小時(shi)，料漿在管(guan)(guan)道出口的流速(su)過(guo)高，壓力(li)過(guo)大，容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生爆(bao)管(guan)(guan)；

礦山(shan)充(chong)(chong)填有其特(te)殊要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。即(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)材(cai)料(liao)的流(liu)動性好、便(bian)于輸送和(he)充(chong)(chong)填，又要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)料(liao)漿不離析、泌水(shui)量(liang)小、凝固(gu)時(shi)間(jian)短、早期(qi)強(qiang)度高(gao)，還要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)主動接(jie)頂(ding)能力強(qiang)、充(chong)(chong)實(shi)率高(gao)。礦山(shan)充(chong)(chong)填因地取材(cai)、廢(fei)物利(li)(li)用(yong)、充(chong)(chong)分利(li)(li)用(yong)本礦資(zi)源。為企業發展(zhan)提供廣闊空間(jian)，同時(shi)減少對資(zi)源造成(cheng)不必要(yao)的浪費(fei)，給企業制造了極大地生產(chan)效(xiao)益。膠固(gu)粉的成(cheng)功運用(yong)，充(chong)(chong)分說(shuo)明(ming)新技(ji)術、新工藝、新材(cai)料(liao)，可(ke)以降低生產(chan)成(cheng)本，提高(gao)工程質量(liang)，滿足(zu)生產(chan)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)漿料(liao)不離析、泌水(shui)量(liang)小、凝固(gu)時(shi)間(jian)短、早期(qi)強(qiang)度高(gao)，還要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)主動接(jie)頂(ding)能力強(qiang)、充(chong)(chong)實(shi)率高(gao)。礦山(shan)充(chong)(chong)填因地取材(cai)、廢(fei)物利(li)(li)用(yong)、充(chong)(chong)分利(li)(li)用(yong)本礦資(zi)源。

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)組分(fen)主要有(you)(you)集料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、膠凝(ning)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)水，以(yi)及改善充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)輔(fu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)物(wu)理力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)和(he)化學(xue)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)對于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)制備、輸送(song)(song)和(he)所形成的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)物(wu)理力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)和(he)化學(xue)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)具有(you)(you)重要影(ying)響。對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)物(wu)理力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)和(he)化學(xue)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)的(de)主要要求是(shi)(shi)：(1)能迅速具有(you)(you)一定強度，而且沉縮率小，以(yi)便有(you)(you)效地支(zhi)撐(cheng)周圍(wei)礦巖;當側(ce)面出現采(cai)空區(qu)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)不向采(cai)空區(qu)大(da)量片落，礦山充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)系統工藝流程設計，并允(yun)許在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表面進(jin)行回采(cai)作(zuo)業(ye)。(2)不產生污染環境或引起發(fa)熱甚(shen)至發(fa)火的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)。按充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)(you)無膠凝(ning)成分(fen)和(he)是(shi)(shi)否以(yi)水為輸送(song)(song)介質(zhi)等，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)可分(fen)為干式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、水砂充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)膠結充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)三種。

充(chong)填(tian)系統原理編輯(ji)按固體(ti)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)粒度，將(jiang)膠結(jie)(jie)充(chong)填(tian)系統分為水泥(ni)(ni)砂(sha)漿膠結(jie)(jie)充(chong)填(tian)系統和混凝(ning)土膠結(jie)(jie)充(chong)填(tian)系統。前(qian)一(yi)個系統所用(yong)(yong)的(de)固體(ti)材料(liao)(liao)為水泥(ni)(ni)和細砂(sha)或尾砂(sha)。后(hou)一(yi)個系統所用(yong)(yong)的(de)固體(ti)材料(liao)(liao)為水泥(ni)(ni)、砂(sha)和碎石。水泥(ni)(ni)砂(sha)漿膠結(jie)(jie)充(chong)填(tian)系統系統中(zhong)的(de)砂(sha)倉(cang)和漿體(ti)制備站一(yi)般集(ji)中(zhong)布置在地面(mian)(圖1)。將(jiang)采集(ji)和加工好的(de)尾砂(sha)或細砂(sha)用(yong)(yong)水力輸(shu)送(song)(song)到濕(shi)式(shi)砂(sha)倉(cang)中(zhong)，也可以用(yong)(yong)車輛或帶式(shi)輸(shu)送(song)(song)機輸(shu)送(song)(song)到干式(shi)砂(sha)倉(cang)中(zhong)。立式(shi)濕(shi)式(shi)砂(sha)倉(cang)用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)力或用(yong)(yong)高壓水噴(pen)嘴攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)放(fang)砂(sha)到攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)筒中(zhong)，臥式(shi)濕(shi)式(shi)砂(sha)倉(cang)用(yong)(yong)電耙(pa)和螺旋輸(shu)送(song)(song)機向攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)筒中(zhong)送(song)(song)料(liao)(liao)，干式(shi)砂(sha)倉(cang)用(yong)(yong)給(gei)料(liao)(liao)機向攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)筒中(zhong)供料(liao)(liao)。

充(chong)填(tian)(tian)站的(de)(de)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)系統是將充(chong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)從制(zhi)備、倉(cang)(cang)儲、制(zhi)漿(jiang)到輸(shu)(shu)送至充(chong)填(tian)(tian)區的(de)(de)各個環節或單元(yuan)的(de)(de)總成。充(chong)填(tian)(tian)方(fang)法與充(chong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)輸(shu)(shu)送方(fang)法不同，充(chong)填(tian)(tian)系統的(de)(de)組成單元(yuan)和(he)功能不同。就應用普遍的(de)(de)水力輸(shu)(shu)送而(er)言(yan)，一般包括充(chong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)制(zhi)備、充(chong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)倉(cang)(cang)儲、料(liao)漿(jiang)制(zhi)備與計量控制(zhi)、管路輸(shu)(shu)送等4個模塊。

充填(tian)站(zhan)設(she)置料倉或堆場(chang)，采用振動放(fang)料形(xing)式，通過皮帶(dai)傳送至(zhi)攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)桶制(zhi)漿。分級(ji)尾砂攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)相對簡(jian)單，全尾砂充填(tian)為避免細粒部分絮(xu)凝結團(tuan)，需(xu)要(yao)采用強力(li)活(huo)化攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)技術。