在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線路越來越多的(de)(de)應用在(zai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路中，但是進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)型號的(de)(de)選擇是非常重要的(de)(de)，結合(he)實際(ji)工作，重慶(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，簡單的(de)(de)談談10kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線路的(de)(de)適用范圍和選擇。首先(xian)要根據實際(ji)情況確(que)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)應用在(zai)什么地方，高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)所經過的(de)(de)地方和負荷性質、容量等來選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

電纜有電力電纜、控制電纜、補償電纜、屏蔽電纜、高溫電纜、計算機電纜、信號電纜、同軸電纜、耐火電纜、船用電纜、礦用電纜、鋁合金電纜等等。它們都是由單股或多股導線和絕緣層組成，光伏電纜，用來連接電路、電器等。

1. 電阻率(lv)低：鋁(lv)芯(xin)(xin)電纜的電阻率(lv)比銅芯(xin)(xin)電纜約高(gao)1.68倍。

2. 延(yan)展性好(hao)：銅合(he)金的(de)(de)延(yan)展率為20~40%，電(dian)工用(yong)銅的(de)(de)延(yan)展率在30%以上，而鋁(lv)合(he)金僅為18%。

3. 強度高(gao)：常(chang)溫下(xia)的允許應力，銅比鋁分別高(gao)出7~28%。特別是高(gao)溫下(xia)的應力，兩者(zhe)相差更(geng)是甚遠(yuan)。

4. 抗(kang)1疲勞：鋁材反復折(zhe)彎(wan)易斷(duan)裂，銅(tong)(tong)則不易。彈性指標(biao)方面，銅(tong)(tong)也比(bi)鋁高約1.7~ 1.8倍。

5.穩定性好，耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕：銅芯抗1氧化，耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕，而鋁芯容易受氧化和腐(fu)蝕。

6.載流量大：由于電阻率低，同截面的銅芯電纜要比鋁芯電纜允許的載流量（能夠通過的zui大電流）高30%左右。

電線電纜(lan)由導體，絕緣層(ceng)(ceng)，屏蔽層(ceng)(ceng)，船用電纜(lan)，保(bao)護層(ceng)(ceng)，填充結構和抗(kang)拉元件這幾個部分組成(cheng)。

1、導體。

導(dao)(dao)體是電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜產品進行電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)磁傳輸功能的(de)zui基(ji)本的(de)結構組(zu)成。導(dao)(dao)體是電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)線芯(xin)的(de)簡稱，是指用銅(tong)、鋁、銅(tong)包(bao)鋼、銅(tong)包(bao)鋁等(deng)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能優良的(de)有色金屬制(zhi)成。

2、絕緣層。

絕緣層是指(zhi)包覆在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)體(ti)外(wai)圍，起著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣作(zuo)用的(de)構(gou)件(jian)。能確(que)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜傳(chuan)輸的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不泄(xie)露到(dao)外(wai)界，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)體(ti)的(de)正常傳(chuan)輸功能，同(tong)時確(que)保(bao)外(wai)界物體(ti)和(he)人身(shen)的(de)安全(quan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)體(ti)與絕緣層是構(gou)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產品的(de)兩(liang)個zui基(ji)本組成(cheng)結構(gou)。

3、屏蔽層。

屏蔽層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)一(yi)種將電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產品(pin)中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場(chang)與外界的電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場(chang)進行(xing)隔(ge)離或者將電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產品(pin)內部不同導(dao)線(xian)(xian)之間相互隔(ge)離。可以說屏蔽層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)一(yi)種“電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁隔(ge)離屏”。

4、保護層。

當(dang)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜產品在不同的環境中安裝并運行時，必須具有(you)對電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜產品整體，特別是(shi)對絕緣層起保(bao)護作用的構件，這就是(shi)保(bao)護層。

5、填充結構。

填充結構，是某些電線電纜的特殊足夠部件，比如YJV電力電纜和KVV控制電纜。