磚墻加(jia)固是確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物結(jie)構(gou)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)延長使用壽命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。在進行(xing)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)時，需要(yao)注意(yi)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾個方面：1.**前期(qi)評估與設(she)計(ji)**：首(shou)先應對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)有(you)墻體(ti)(ti)進行(xing)詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)查和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)評估，磚墻檢(jian)(jian)測，明確(que)(que)其(qi)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)程(cheng)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)原(yuan)因(yin)（如裂縫類型、位置等）。根據(ju)鑒定(ding)(ding)結(jie)論(lun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)實際需求(qiu)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)固設(she)計(ji)方案，選(xuan)擇(ze)合(he)(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法。這(zhe)有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)續(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)。（可(ke)參考《混(hun)凝土(tu)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)規范(fan)》等相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)準(zhun)）2.**材(cai)料選(xuan)擇(ze)與質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)**：選(xuan)用高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量至關(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。應優先選(xuan)擇(ze)符合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外墻磚和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)其(qi)他相(xiang)關(guan)建(jian)材(cai)產品(pin)。同(tong)時加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)控制(zhi)力(li)(li)度(du)避免使用劣質(zhi)(zhi)或不(bu)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)影響整體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)與安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)；例如鋼筋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規格(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量必須符合(he)(he)設(she)計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)以(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證其(qi)與原(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)連接(jie)增強整體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承載能力(li)(li)。。此(ci)(ci)外在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中還應嚴格(ge)(ge)控制(zhi)砂漿配比及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)他關(guan)鍵環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝以(yi)(yi)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量達標(biao)。3.**施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與技術(shu)指導(dao)(dao)(dao)**:由(you)于(yu)砌體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)混(hun)凝土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)要(yao)求(qiu)因(yin)此(ci)(ci)必須聘請具有(you)相(xiang)應資質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位進行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)(zuo)并(bing)(bing)由(you)經(jing)驗(yan)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)人員進行(xing)現(xian)(xian)場指導(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)監督以(yi)(yi)防(fang)止出(chu)現(xian)(xian)技術(shu)失誤(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)操作(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)導(dao)(dao)(dao)致工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量受(shou)損(sun)(sun)或者安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)；（可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提(ti)及(ji)(ji)(ji)國家關(guan)于(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)業特種技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)規定(ding)(ding)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)標(biao)準(zhun)來強調這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)。）特別是在處理(li)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)時更需要(yao)依靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)支持和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)經(jing)驗(yan)積累來解決實際問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)并(bing)(bing)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)有(you)序(xu)地進行(xing)下(xia)(xia)去；例如在設(she)置構(gou)造柱時要(yao)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)其(qi)與原(yuan)圈梁及(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)鄰構(gou)件之(zhi)間形成緊密而牢固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)關(guan)系以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)整個建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗震能力(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)抗風(feng)壓能力(li)(li)等等都是非常重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環節之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)需要(yao)引起足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視并(bing)(bing)認真對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)待每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)容(rong)以(yi)(yi)達到佳效(xiao)果為(wei)目標(biao)而努力(li)(li)奮斗(dou)！4.**定(ding)(ding)期(qi)維護與檢(jian)(jian)查:**在完成砌體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)與混(hun)凝土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)補工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)還需要(yao)做好后(hou)(hou)(hou)續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維護管理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)已經(jing)修(xiu)復(fu)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部位進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)查和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)維護保(bao)(bao)(bao)養以(yi)(yi)便及(ji)(ji)(ji)時發現(xian)(xian)潛在問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)并(bing)(bing)采取有(you)效(xiao)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)處理(li)防(fang)止小問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)逐漸(jian)演(yan)變成大問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)整個建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物造成更大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)甚至引發嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)事故(gu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)果不(bu)堪設(she)想!因(yin)此(ci)(ci)我(wo)們必須高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)容(rong)并(bing)(bing)將其(qi)納(na)入日(ri)常管理(li)范(fan)疇(chou)之(zhi)內(nei)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)執行(xing)才能夠(gou)真正達到保(bao)(bao)(bao)障人民群(qun)眾生(sheng)(sheng)命財產安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所在!

磚墻(qiang)加(jia)固(gu)施工(gong)(gong)流程主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括(kuo)以(yi)下幾個步驟(zou)：1.**原有墻(qiang)面(mian)清底(di)**：首(shou)先，對需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)固(gu)的墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)進行(xing)(xing)清理(li)工(gong)(gong)作，磚墻(qiang)檢測(ce)電話(hua)，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)表面(mian)無雜物、油污等(deng)影響后續施工(gong)(gong)的因素。同時檢查原有砂(sha)漿(jiang)層是否(fou)牢固(gu)可靠，如有松動或酥堿部(bu)分需(xu)(xu)及(ji)(ji)時處理(li)。（參考(kao)來源：《系(xi)統學(xue)加(jia)固(gu)第27課》砌(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)墻(qiang)）2.**鉆孔并(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)沖刷**：在(zai)已(yi)清潔的原墻(qiang)上按設(she)計要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)鉆孔（通常(chang)間(jian)(jian)距為600mm梅花狀布(bu)置(zhi)），磚墻(qiang)檢測(ce)多少錢(qian)，并(bing)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)清水(shui)(shui)沖刷孔洞及(ji)(ji)周邊區域(yu)以(yi)清除灰塵和雜質，增強(qiang)(qiang)新舊材(cai)料(liao)的粘(zhan)結(jie)(jie)力。(參考(kao)來源：【古建(jian)】常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)磚石砌(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)和木構件的加(jia)固(gu)措(cuo)施和方法!)網(wang)易)3.**鋪(pu)設(she)鋼筋(jin)(jin)網(wang)與安裝錨(mao)筋(jin)(jin)**:在(zai)沖洗干凈的墻(qiang)壁上安設(she)L形(xing)(xing)(xing)或其(qi)他形(xing)(xing)(xing)式的錨(mao)固(gu)鋼筋(jin)(jin)(如φ8L型)，并(bing)確保(bao)(bao)(bao)其(qi)深(shen)度(du)滿(man)(man)足(zu)設(she)計要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)；隨后鋪(pu)放符(fu)合要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的鋼絲網(wang)格并(bing)與墻(qiang)壁保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)一(yi)定(ding)距離固(gu)定(ding)好，以(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂(sha)漿(jiang)能(neng)充(chong)分填充(chong)其(qi)間(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)有效結(jie)(jie)合面(mian)(參考(kao)文(wen)章《系(xi)統學(xue)加(jia)固(gu)》）。注(zhu)意(yi)豎向(xiang)(xiang)受力主(zhu)肋直(zhi)(zhi)徑不(bu)小于(yu)Φ12且水(shui)(shui)平分布(bu)箍肋間(jian)(jian)距控制在(zai)合理(li)范圍內以(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證結(jie)(jie)構強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)均勻(yun)性(xing)(xing)。（《淺談砌(qi)塊構造加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)改造法》）。另外對于(yu)雙面(mian)補強(qiang)(qiang)情況還(huan)應考(kao)慮(lv)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)S形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀穿透螺栓貫穿兩(liang)側壁體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)以(yi)增強(qiang)(qiang)整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)性(xing)(xing)（《知乎專欄:加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)塊材(cai)隔間(jian)(jian)方法探討(tao)》)。此環節操作需(xu)(xu)謹慎(shen)避免(mian)損傷既(ji)有結(jie)(jie)構體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)性(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)。《百度(du)經(jing)驗(yan)-強(qiang)(qiang)化隔斷(duan)措(cuo)施概(gai)述(shu)》。）。4.**抹水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂(sha)漿(jiang)/噴(pen)射混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)作業(ye):**待上述(shu)準備工(gong)(gong)作完(wan)成(cheng)后即(ji)可開始(shi)實施具體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)涂抹工(gong)(gong)作——即(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)預設(she)好的空(kong)間(jian)(jian)內灌注(zhu)調(diao)配均勻(yun)的混(hun)合材(cai)料(liao)直(zhi)(zhi)至填滿(man)(man)整(zheng)(zheng)個空(kong)隙區域(yu)并(bing)完(wan)成(cheng)初步找平處理(li)過程；期(qi)間(jian)(jian)需(xu)(xu)注(zhu)意(yi)控制每次澆筑厚度(du)不(bu)宜超(chao)過規定(ding)限值以(yi)防開裂現(xian)象發生;后根據(ju)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)(xing)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)養護(hu)以(yi)確保(bao)(bao)(bao)硬化質量達標(biao)《百度(du)經(jing)驗(yan)-強(qiang)(qiang)化施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術詳解》《壓力灌漿(jiang)技(ji)術實踐指南》（未直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)引(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)但基于(yu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)做法總(zong)結(jie)(jie)得(de)出），若采用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)面(mian)層則還(huan)需(xu)(xu)增設(she)模(mo)板支撐體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)并(bing)按規范澆筑成(cheng)型后拆模(mo)繼續養護(hu)至完(wan)全固(gu)化狀態方可進入下一(yi)道工(gong)(gong)序（依據(ju)【建(jian)筑結(jie)(jie)構修(xiu)復(fu)手冊】相關知識(shi)整(zheng)(zheng)合所(suo)得(de)結(jie)(jie)論).總(zong)而言之整(zheng)(zheng)個過程要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)精細操控各道程序銜(xian)接(jie)緊密以(yi)達到(dao)佳修(xiu)復(fu)效果(guo)(guo)目標(biao)實現(xian)預期(qi)功能(neng)恢復(fu)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)目的達成(cheng)期(qi)望成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)展現(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)價值意(yi)義所(suo)在(zai)之處盡顯無遺！

砌(qi)體(ti)(ti)墻(qiang)加固(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)多種(zhong)多樣，以(yi)(yi)下是(shi)一些常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加固(gu)(gu)方(fang)式：1.**灌(guan)漿(jiang)法(fa)**：通過向墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)注入的(de)(de)(de)水泥漿(jiang)或(huo)化學漿(jiang)液來(lai)填充內部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)洞和(he)裂縫。這種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)能夠顯著增(zeng)強砌(qi)體(ti)(ti)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)能和(he)承(cheng)載能力(li)(li)（來(lai)源(yuan)：《齊家裝修網》）。特別適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于磚混(hun)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)和(he)砌(qi)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)修復(fu)與加強工作(zuo)中(zhong)。2.**增(zeng)設扶壁柱(zhu)/外(wai)加混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)層方(fang)法(fa)**：在原有砌(qi)筑(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)一側或(huo)者(zhe)兩(liang)側增(zeng)加磚、鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)等材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)物作(zuo)為補(bu)充承(cheng)重構(gou)(gou)件來(lai)提(ti)升承(cheng)載力(li)(li)及穩定性；或(huo)者(zhe)在墻(qiang)面外(wai)側澆(jiao)筑(zhu)一層鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)強其(qi)(qi)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)強度和(he)剛度。（參(can)考了(le)《百家號》、《搜狐》）這種(zhong)方(fang)式尤其(qi)(qi)適合(he)(he)(he)需要大幅度提(ti)升承(cheng)載能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)場合(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。3.**碳(tan)纖維(wei)布粘貼技術**:使用(yong)(yong)(yong)高強度且(qie)輕質耐(nai)腐蝕的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)纖維(wei)材(cai)(cai)料配(pei)合(he)(he)(he)粘結(jie)劑直接貼附于待修補(bu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位表(biao)面形成(cheng)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料以(yi)(yi)達到提(ti)高構(gou)(gou)件抗(kang)拉(la)抗(kang)剪性能目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)；該技術操(cao)作(zuo)簡單(dan)快捷(jie)成(cheng)本低廉廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于各類(lei)建(jian)筑(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)補(bu)強改(gai)造(zao)項(xiang)目(mu)中(zhong)（來(lai)源(yuan)于《齊家裝修網》）。4.其(qi)(qi)他常見(jian)手(shou)法(fa)還包括拆改(gai)重建(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分破損嚴重區域(yu)以(yi)(yi)恢復(fu)完整(zheng)性、利用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)板鋼(gang)(gang)拉(la)桿等材(cai)(cai)料進行包角鑲邊處(chu)理以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高局部(bu)(bu)(bu)穩定性和(he)抗(kang)震能力(li)(li)等措施(shi)(shi)依據具體(ti)(ti)情況(kuang)選擇適當方(fang)法(fa)進行施(shi)(shi)工操(cao)作(zuo)即可達到理想(xiang)效果并確保(bao)建(jian)筑(zhu)物運行下去。(綜合(he)(he)(he)自多篇參(can)考資料)