拉曼氣溶膠激光雷達

激光雷達(da)是工作在(zai)光頻(pin)波(bo)(bo)段(duan)(duan)的(de)雷達(da)。與(yu)微波(bo)(bo)雷達(da)的(de)原理(li)相(xiang)(xiang)似，它利用光頻(pin)波(bo)(bo)段(duan)(duan)的(de)電磁波(bo)(bo)先向目(mu)(mu)標(biao)發射(she)探測(ce)信(xin)號，然后將其接收到(dao)的(de)同波(bo)(bo)信(xin)號與(yu)發射(she)信(xin)號相(xiang)(xiang)比較(jiao)，從(cong)而(er)獲得目(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)位置(距離、方位和高度)、運(yun)動狀態(速度、姿態)等信(xin)息，實現對目(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)探測(ce)、跟蹤和識(shi)別。

激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)(lei)達由發射(she)，拉曼米散(san)射(she)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)(lei)達，接收(shou)和后置信號處理三部(bu)分(fen)和使此三部(bu)分(fen)協調工作(zuo)的(de)機構組(zu)成。激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)速發散(san)角小(xiao)(xiao)，能量集中，探(tan)測靈(ling)敏度和分(fen)辨率高(gao)。多普1勒頻移大，可(ke)以(yi)探(tan)測從低速到高(gao)速的(de)目標。天線和系(xi)統的(de)尺寸(cun)可(ke)以(yi)作(zuo)得很小(xiao)(xiao)。利用不(bu)同分(fen)子對特定波(bo)長得激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)吸收(shou)、散(san)射(she)或熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)特性(xing)(xing)，可(ke)以(yi)探(tan)測不(bu)同的(de)物質成分(fen)，這是激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)(lei)達獨(du)有(you)的(de)特性(xing)(xing)。

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大氣拉(la)曼氣溶膠(jiao)激光雷(lei)達

大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候強(qiang)迫(po)是目(mu)前(qian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)因素中不確定性大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)一項。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)特征直接影響大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，也可(ke)以通過(guo)在微(wei)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中與云-降(jiang)水的(de)(de)(de)相互作用(yong)(yong)間(jian)接影響輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。有(you)必要(yao)對(dui)(dui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)和微(wei)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)實時連續監測(ce)，降(jiang)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)強(qiang)迫(po)在天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)不確定性。本研究利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)多(duo)波(bo)段(duan)Raman激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)達(355、532和1064nm)對(dui)(dui)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)上(shang)(shang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)連續觀測(ce)，建立了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)算法(fa)(fa)[1，2]，并在此基礎上(shang)(shang)提(ti)出了(le)(le)環(huan)境氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)微(wei)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)3波(bo)段(duan)Raman激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)達反(fan)演(yan)算法(fa)(fa)[3，4]。實現了(le)(le)對(dui)(dui)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)上(shang)(shang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)和微(wei)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)垂直分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)實時監測(ce)反(fan)演(yan)。2016年12月至(zhi)今，在北(bei)京(jing)(jing)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(39.99N，116.31E)校內(nei)樓(lou)頂，拉曼(man)米(mi)(mi)散(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)(she)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)達哪家好，利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)環(huan)境科學(xue)(xue)系(xi)及國家重(zhong)點(dian)實驗室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)一臺(tai)多(duo)波(bo)段(duan)Raman激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)達，對(dui)(dui)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)上(shang)(shang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)連續觀測(ce)。利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)觀測(ce)得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)米(mi)(mi)散(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)(she)和Raman散(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)(she)信號，拉曼(man)米(mi)(mi)散(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)(she)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)達總代(dai)理(li)(li)(li)，建立了(le)(le)355、532和1064nm后向散(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)(she)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)及355nm消光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)反(fan)演(yan)算法(fa)(fa)，得到(dao)了(le)(le)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)地區上(shang)(shang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)特征。根據(ju)6S輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)傳輸模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)中氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型，假設北(bei)京(jing)(jing)上(shang)(shang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)由黑炭型(Soot)、可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)型(Water Soluble)和沙塵型(Dust)組合構成，各類型氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)均假設為(wei)對(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)正態分(fen)布(bu);利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)T-matrix米(mi)(mi)散(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)(she)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型，計算三種(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(355、532和1064nm后向散(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)(she)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和355nm消光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu))制(zhi)作查算表，查算表變量包括三種(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)濃度(du)(du)(du)(N1，N2，N3)和可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中心粒(li)徑(rg)。對(dui)(dui)比光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)觀測(ce)值和模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬值，得到(dao)三種(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)濃度(du)(du)(du)和可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)型氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中心粒(li)徑的(de)(de)(de)優(you)解，進(jin)而計算氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)微(wei)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(有(you)效半徑、表面積濃度(du)(du)(du)、體積濃度(du)(du)(du)和復(fu)折射(she)(she)(she)指數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu))，拉曼(man)米(mi)(mi)散(san)(san)(san)射(she)(she)(she)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)達價格，個例(li)和統計分(fen)析表明結(jie)果合理(li)(li)(li)。

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拉曼氣溶膠激光雷達

用激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)器作為輻射(she)源的(de)雷(lei)(lei)達。激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)(lei)達是(shi)激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)雷(lei)(lei)達技(ji)術(shu)相結(jie)合的(de)產物 。由發射(she)機 、天(tian)線 、接(jie)收機 、跟蹤架及(ji)信(xin)息處理(li)等部分組(zu)成。發射(she)機是(shi)各(ge)種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)的(de)激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)器，如二氧(yang)化碳(tan)激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)器、摻釹釔鋁石榴(liu)石激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)器、半導體激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)器及(ji)波長(chang)可調諧的(de)固(gu)體激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)器等；天(tian)線是(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學望(wang)遠鏡；接(jie)收機采(cai)用各(ge)種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電探測(ce)(ce)器，如光(guang)(guang)(guang)電倍增管、半導體光(guang)(guang)(guang)電二極(ji)(ji)管、雪(xue)崩(beng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電二極(ji)(ji)管、紅外(wai)和可見光(guang)(guang)(guang)多元(yuan)探測(ce)(ce)器件等。激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雷(lei)(lei)達采(cai)用脈沖(chong)或連續波2種工作方式(shi)(shi)，探測(ce)(ce)方法分直(zhi)接(jie)探測(ce)(ce)與(yu)外(wai)差探測(ce)(ce)。

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