花巖是獨有(you)的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)，這些的(de)(de)(de)物理特點主要表現如下多孔(kong)性(xing)(xing)/滲(shen)透性(xing)(xing):花崗(gang)巖的(de)(de)(de)物理滲(shen)透性(xing)(xing)幾乎可以忽略(lve)不計(ji)，在0. 2%-4%之間熱穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing):花崗(gang)巖具有(you)高(gao)強度的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)熱穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)，它(ta)不會因(yin)為外界溫度的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變而發生變化，花崗(gang)巖因(yin)其密度很高(gao)而不會因(yin)溫度及空氣成(cheng)份(fen)的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變而發生變化。花崗(gang)巖具有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)，因(yin)此(ci)很廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)被運(yun)用在儲備(bei)化學腐蝕品上延展性(xing)(xing)；花崗(gang)巖的(de)(de)(de)延展系(xi)數(shu)范圍4.7x10-6--9. 0x10-6(inch x inch)。

一般隊為，花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)普遍形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)巨大巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基。事實上(shang)，這些(xie)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基很少是(shi)花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，而(er)大部(bu)分是(shi)山花崗閃(shan)，陡(dou)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和石英閃(shan)長(chang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)。然(ran)而(er)，有(you)(you)一些(xie)花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)則(ze)被認為是(shi)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓋、巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)盆或巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)穹(qiong)(domes)。確定花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)產狀是(shi)一個(ge)很重(zhong)要的(de)(de)問題，花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外墻，描述(shu)產狀所(suo)使用的(de)(de)術語，在采用它(ta)們的(de)(de)人來(lai)看是(shi)具有(you)(you)戍因含意的(de)(de)。據吉爾伯特(Gil-bert，1877)的(de)(de)意見，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓋是(shi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)上(shang)升(sheng)運動(dong)所(suo)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)結果，而(er)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)盆的(de)(de)含義(yi)則(ze)是(shi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)被動(dong)地役位(wei)到底盤塌陷(xian)所(suo)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)空間里。

花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于成分形成復雜(za)形成條件多樣，所以種(zhong)類(lei)繁多，有多種(zhong)的分類(lei)方(fang)式(shi)：1.按所含(han)(han)礦物(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)分：分為黑(hei)色花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)(yun)母(mu)(mu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、角閃花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、二云(yun)(yun)母(mu)(mu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)；2.按結構構造分：可分為細粒花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、中粒花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、粗粒花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、斑(ban)狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、似斑(ban)狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、晶(jing)洞(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)及片麻(ma)狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)；3.按所含(han)(han)副礦物(wu)分：可分為含(han)(han)錫石(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、含(han)(han)鈮鐵礦花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、含(han)(han)鈹花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、鋰云(yun)(yun)母(mu)(mu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、電(dian)氣石(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)。常(chang)見(jian)長石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)、云(yun)(yun)英巖化(hua)、電(dian)氣石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)等(deng)(deng)自變質作用。