非開挖工(gong)程穿越河流、湖(hu)泊、重(zhong)要交通干線(xian)(xian)、重(zhong)要建(jian)筑物，實現對諸如供(gong)水、煤氣、、污水、電信電纜(lan)等(deng)公用(yong)(yong)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)的檢測、鋪設、修(xiu)復與更換的施工(gong)技術。相比鋼頂(ding)管(guan)，鋼筋混凝土(tu)頂(ding)管(guan)次要采用(yong)(yong)柔性接頭，其更具靈活性，兩個相近(jin)管(guan)道之間存有一定角度(du)，因而，在(zai)糾正偏向方(fang)面更靈敏(min)，效果(guo)更好。此外(wai)，由于兩管(guan)道之間存在(zai)一定角度(du)，針對這一特征，可以到達(da)曲線(xian)(xian)頂(ding)進目(mu)的。由于地質強(qiang)度(du)不(bu)同，需選用(yong)(yong)不(bu)同的機頭。強(qiang)度(du)大(da)巖層，需選用(yong)(yong)具有破巖機頭；普通土(tu)質，可以選用(yong)(yong)泥水均衡頂(ding)管(guan)機械進行施工(gong)即可。

頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)直徑DN800—4500。通過工(gong)作(zuo)井把要頂(ding)(ding)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)頂(ding)(ding)入接收井內，一個工(gong)作(zuo)井內的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)可(ke)在(zai)地下穿(chuan)行(xing)(xing)1500米以上，并(bing)且(qie)還能(neng)曲線穿(chuan)行(xing)(xing)，以繞開一些地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)線或(huo)障(zhang)礙(ai)物(wu)。頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)非開挖施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方法(fa)(fa)，是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)開挖或(huo)者少開挖的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道埋設施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術。頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)坑內借助于頂(ding)(ding)進設備產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)力，克服(fu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道與周圍土(tu)壤的(de)(de)(de)(de)摩擦(ca)力，將(jiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道按設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坡(po)度頂(ding)(ding)入土(tu)中(zhong)，并(bing)將(jiang)土(tu)方運走。頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)是(shi)(shi)繼盾構施(shi)(shi)工(gong)之后(hou)而發展起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)道施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方法(fa)(fa)，它不(bu)需(xu)要開挖面層，并(bing)且(qie)能(neng)夠穿(chuan)越公路(lu)、鐵道、河川、地面建(jian)筑物(wu)、地下構筑物(wu)以及(ji)各種(zhong)(zhong)地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)線等。

非開(kai)挖(wa)技術的(de)(de)特點與(yu)其它技術相比，非開(kai)挖(wa)技術起步較晚。但是值得注意(yi)的(de)(de)是在 近20多年(nian)中，非開(kai)挖(wa)技術無(wu)論在理論上，頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)非開(kai)挖(wa)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)，還是在施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝方(fang)面，都有(you)(you)(you)了突飛猛進(jin)的(de)(de)發展。有(you)(you)(you)毒體(ti)的(de)(de)檢測與(yu)防護(hu)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)地層一般會通(tong)過(guo)淤(yu)泥(ni)層，腐爛動、植物(wu)體(ti)會在地下(xia)形(xing)成有(you)(you)(you)毒體(ti)聚集體(ti)，危害施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)健康(kang)和生命(ming)，所以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)員(yuan)在頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內操作的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，需要定時(shi)監測管(guan)(guan)(guan)內有(you)(you)(you)毒體(ti)含量，采用通(tong)風裝置予以(yi)解決(jue)。頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)械選(xuan)型取決(jue)于(yu)地質勘(kan)探和管(guan)(guan)(guan)徑。管(guan)(guan)(guan)徑有(you)(you)(you)800-5000mm鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝土管(guan)(guan)(guan)，玻璃纖維夾砂管(guan)(guan)(guan)，鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)之類(lei)，依據管(guan)(guan)(guan)徑大(da)小和資料(liao)不同，選(xuan)擇不同頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)機(ji)頭。