充填(tian)系統設計應(ying)遵循以下原(yuan)則：

（1）充(chong)填料要(yao)就近選擇(ze)，充(chong)分利用工(gong)業廢渣(zha)，保(bao)護環境，降低成本。

（2）優先選擇(ze)自流輸送方(fang)式，降低(di)基建投入與管理成本。

（3）制漿能(neng)力(li)與管(guan)道流量保持一致，設置必要的人工或自動控制措    施(shi)，盡可能(neng)做到滿管(guan)輸送。

（4）倉(cang)儲規(gui)模要保證正常生產，不能(neng)出(chu)現經常性(xing)斷料。

充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)優化設計，充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong) 優化設計 測(ce)試針對小鐵山礦六中(zhong)段(duan)以上充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)爆管、堵(du)管事故頻繁(fan)發生(sheng)的(de)現狀，運(yun)用變徑的(de)思想，合理地布(bu)置充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)管路(lu)，提出了七～八中(zhong)段(duan)管路(lu)優化設計方案。并對變徑前后充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)運(yun)行狀況進行了現場測(ce)試，分析了充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)壓力梯度分布(bu)規律，進一步確定了充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)參數，有效(xiao)地防(fang)止了充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)管路(lu)爆管、堵(du)管事故的(de)發生(sheng)，保證了充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)穩定性。

在(zai)采空(kong)(kong)區(qu)上方(fang)布置鉆(zhan)孔，利用(yong)鉆(zhan)孔驗(yan)證(zheng)并進(jin)(jin)行(xing)尾砂膠結充(chong)填(tian)(tian)，廣東(dong)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)，然(ran)后利用(yong)驗(yan)證(zheng)鉆(zhan)孔進(jin)(jin)行(xing)驗(yan)證(zheng)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)效果(guo)并進(jin)(jin)行(xing)二(er)次(ci)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)。六、工作(zuo)部署具體(ti)方(fang)法(fa)根據xx區(qu)地質環(huan)境(jing)現狀(zhuang)，地質環(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理恢復總體(ti)方(fang)案是：xxxx首行(xing)對礦區(qu)范圍(wei)內(nei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)物探測量，大致查(cha)清空(kong)(kong)區(qu)分布情況，通過鉆(zhan)探驗(yan)證(zheng)工程查(cha)明空(kong)(kong)區(qu)深度和空(kong)(kong)區(qu)分布范圍(wei)，建設充(chong)填(tian)(tian)攪拌(ban)系統，后進(jin)(jin)行(xing)尾砂膠結充(chong)填(tian)(tian)對采空(kong)(kong)區(qu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)治(zhi)理。而xx建設充(chong)填(tian)(tian)攪拌(ban)系統進(jin)(jin)行(xing)尾砂膠結充(chong)填(tian)(tian)采空(kong)(kong)區(qu)。（一）采空(kong)(kong)區(qu)鉆(zhan)探工作(zuo)、xxxx根據空(kong)(kong)區(qu)分布，為了使充(chong)填(tian)(tian)料能夠順利進(jin)(jin)入空(kong)(kong)區(qu)并充(chong)分接。

建了礦山充填管(guan)道流(liu)阻(zu)環管(guan)測試系(xi)(xi)統。該系(xi)(xi)統包括了DN76，DN89，DN108，DN114，DN133等五(wu)種管(guan)徑的直(zhi)管(guan)段和彎管(guan)段流(liu)阻(zu)測試，其中直(zhi)管(guan)測試段長達15m。由于采(cai)用(yong)了雙葉輪高濃(nong)度渣漿(jiang)泵(beng)加(jia)壓，料漿(jiang)濃(nong)度可在清水到(dao)似膏(gao)體(ti)的70%左右之間變化。

自(zi)流式(shi)主(zhu)要用(yong)于廠(chang)較遠的(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)，選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)后(hou)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)渣與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不用(yong)分離(li)，直接用(yong)高壓輸(shu)送(song)泵送(song)人攪拌(ban)池攪拌(ban)，礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山充(chong)填(tian)系(xi)統工(gong)藝(yi)流程設計，節(jie)約空間和(he)生產(chan)工(gong)序水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砂(sha)(sha)充(chong)填(tian)是將(jiang)充(chong)填(tian)骨(gu)料加水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)制成(cheng)質(zhi)量濃度(du)(du)較低的(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)漿，全(quan)尾砂(sha)(sha)高濃度(du)(du)膠結充(chong)填(tian)站，利用(yong)管道(dao)、泵閥等自(zi)流輸(shu)送(song)到(dao)稀漿攪拌(ban)機內添料如(ru)（水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥、膠固粉等）充(chong)填(tian)料。在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砂(sha)(sha)充(chong)填(tian)中水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)僅僅作(zuo)為輸(shu)送(song)物料的(de)(de)載體(ti)，充(chong)入采(cai)空區(qu)后(hou)，充(chong)填(tian)料留在采(cai)空區(qu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲濾(lv)出去，沿(yan)巷道(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝流入水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)倉(cang)，通過排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)排(pai)泥設施(shi)將(jiang)滲濾(lv)出的(de)(de)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)隨(sui)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流失的(de)(de)細泥排(pai)出地(di)表。

針(zhen)對礦(kuang)山(shan)充填(tian)中單(dan)項充填(tian)技術(shu)(shu)無(wu)法同時滿足井下開采、環保、安全等多樣性需求的(de)難(nan)題，提出模(mo)塊化集成(cheng)(cheng)充填(tian)技術(shu)(shu)，根據(ju)工藝(yi)、設備等之間的(de)流程、位置關系進行(xing)優化組合或整合，形成(cheng)(cheng)相對獨(du)立(li)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設備、功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)單(dan)元或功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)區(qu)域(yu)，然后根據(ju)不同的(de)需求進行(xing)優化集成(cheng)(cheng)。該(gai)技術(shu)(shu)無(wu)濃密(mi)機，無(wu)砂倉，還可實現濃縮(suo)，大流量高(gao)濃度連續充填(tian)工藝(yi)的(de)應(ying)用，具有(you)處理能(neng)(neng)(neng)力大、造價低，溢流濃度低、放砂濃度高(gao)，可直接處理選(xuan)廠(chang)尾砂，設備維(wei)護簡(jian)單(dan)，充填(tian)作業時間受選(xuan)廠(chang)影響等特點，并成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)應(ying)用于多個礦(kuang)山(shan)。