光伏逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)結構原理逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)是一(yi)種由(you)半導體(ti)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)電(dian)力(li)調整裝(zhuang)置，主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)于把(ba)(ba)直流電(dian)力(li)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)流電(dian)力(li)。一(yi)般由(you)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)逆變(bian)(bian)橋式回路(lu)(lu)構成(cheng)(cheng)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路(lu)(lu)把(ba)(ba)太陽電(dian)池的(de)直流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)到逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)輸出控制所需(xu)的(de)直流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)；逆變(bian)(bian)橋式回路(lu)(lu)則(ze)把(ba)(ba)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后的(de)直流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等價地轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)(cheng)常用(yong)(yong)頻率(lv)的(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要由(you)晶體(ti)管等開(kai)關(guan)(guan)元(yuan)件(jian)構成(cheng)(cheng)，安徽逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)，通過有規(gui)則(ze)地讓開(kai)關(guan)(guan)元(yuan)件(jian)重復開(kai)-關(guan)(guan)（ON-OFF），使直流輸入變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)流輸出。當(dang)然(ran)，這樣單純地由(you)開(kai)和(he)(he)關(guan)(guan)回路(lu)(lu)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)輸出波形并不實用(yong)(yong)。

太陽能(neng)(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)分為以(yi)(yi)(yi)下幾類：獨(du)立逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（Stand-aloneinverters）：用(yong)在獨(du)立系統，光伏陣列為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為能(neng)(neng)量來源(yuan)。許(xu)多獨(du)立逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)整(zheng)合(he)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。一般這種逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不會接觸到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，因此也(ye)不需要孤島效應保護機能(neng)(neng)。并網逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（Grid-tieinverters）：逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)回(hui)送到商用(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，因此輸(shu)(shu)出弦波需要和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)相位、頻率(lv)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相同。并網逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)會有安全(quan)設計，若(ruo)未連接到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，會自動關閉輸(shu)(shu)出。若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)跳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并網逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)沒有備存(cun)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)機能(neng)(neng)。

光伏逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)應(ying)同時給出當負(fu)載(zai)由零向100%變(bian)(bian)化時，該光伏逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的偏差百(bai)分率，通常(chang)稱為負(fu)載(zai)調整率。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)泵變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)一般會(hui)有(you)數個接(jie)口，可(ke)(ke)以允許太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)模(mo)組陣列(lie)提供(gong)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，會(hui)有(you)一個接(jie)口輸出交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會(hui)有(you)接(jie)水位感(gan)測(ce)器(qi)輸入的接(jie)口。以往(wang)對于無變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)，又要供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的系統會(hui)有(you)一些疑慮，光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)選(xuan)型，主要是因為在直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)之間沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)隔離（galvanicisolation），若直流(liu)(liu)(liu)端故障，會(hui)有(you)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)到(dao)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)端。