鍍(du)鎳，是(shi)指通過電解或化學方法在金屬表面覆(fu)蓋一層薄(bo)而(er)均勻的(de)(de)(de)純銀的(de)(de)(de)方法。它具有(you)優良的(de)(de)(de)光澤性(xing)和(he)可塑性(xing)，以(yi)及優異的(de)(de)(de)電氣性(xing)能、耐(nai)酸堿(jian)腐蝕(shi)等(deng)物理和(he)化學性(xing)質。因此(ci)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于建筑機械制造(zao)、電子電器(qi)制造(zao)業。農(nong)業器(qi)械防腐等(deng)領(ling)域中大量使用(yong)(yong)，是(shi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟材料.由于它的(de)(de)(de)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，需求量極大.但是(shi)因為(wei)電沉積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)合金層比較軟且(qie)多孔質，其(qi)耐(nai)磨硬度不滿(man)足使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)需要所(suo)以(yi)開發(fa)研究(jiu)新(xin)型的(de)(de)(de)高硬度膜料已經(jing)成為(wei)了迫(po)切的(de)(de)(de)任務.。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)處(chu)理(li)技(ji)術，通(tong)過在(zai)物(wu)體表(biao)(biao)面(mian)涂覆一層金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)或合金(jin)(jin)(jin)薄膜，以提高其(qi)外(wai)觀、耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)和(he)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中，主要使用(yong)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)、基(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)過程中的(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)(cheng)部分，五金(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，它(ta)通(tong)常由金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)鹽(yan)和(he)其(qi)他(ta)輔(fu)助劑(ji)組成(cheng)(cheng)。常見的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)包括銅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)、鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)、鉻(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)、鋅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。這些(xie)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)鹽(yan)會在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質中離(li)解，形成(cheng)(cheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)離(li)子，通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流作用(yong)將金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)離(li)子還原成(cheng)(cheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)沉積在(zai)基(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)。基(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)物(wu)體表(biao)(biao)面(mian)，可以是(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)、塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)、陶瓷等(deng)(deng)(deng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)基(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)需要使用(yong)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)工藝和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，以確保鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層能(neng)夠牢固(gu)地附著在(zai)基(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)銀，并且(qie)具有(you)所需的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)。鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)過程中形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)或合金(jin)(jin)(jin)薄膜，池(chi)州(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，其(qi)種(zhong)類取決(jue)于(yu)所選用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。常見的(de)(de)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)包括銅、鎳(nie)、鉻(ge)、鋅、金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銀等(deng)(deng)(deng)。這些(xie)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層可以提供不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)和(he)外(wai)觀效(xiao)果(guo)，例如(ru)增強表(biao)(biao)面(mian)硬度、提高耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)、改(gai)善外(wai)觀光澤(ze)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。總而(er)言之，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)過程中使用(yong)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)主要包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)、基(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。通(tong)過合理(li)選擇和(he)控制(zhi)這些(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，可以實現(xian)對(dui)物(wu)體表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)改(gai)善和(he)裝飾，應用(yong)于(yu)各個領(ling)域，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)銅，如(ru)汽車制(zhi)造、家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、珠寶(bao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

電(dian)鍍(du)是一種復雜的工藝過程，其作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)主要(yao)是增加金(jin)屬制(zhi)品的耐(nai)用(yong)(yong)性和(he)(he)美(mei)觀度。它(ta)可以(yi)覆蓋在各種材料表(biao)面形成一層(ceng)保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)以(yi)達(da)到防腐(fu)蝕、裝飾或其他特殊功能(neng)的目的。例如：*在汽(qi)車和(he)(he)飛機制(zhi)造(zao)中用(yong)(yong)于增強(qiang)零部件(jian)表(biao)面的耐(nai)磨性；2.3549911_jpg'/>*在水處理設備和(he)(he)閥門(men)等(deng)設備上提(ti)供(gong)防止氯離子(zi)侵蝕的保(bao)護(hu)膜；*在家具(ju)(ju)生產(chan)行業中起到提(ti)高家具(ju)(ju)的使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)保(bao)持原有色澤的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)等(deng)等(deng)。總之，電(dian)鍍(du)的應(ying)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍非(fei)常廣泛，幾(ji)乎涉(she)及(ji)(ji)到國民(min)經濟各個(ge)部門(men)及(ji)(ji)人們生活的各個(ge)方面，它(ta)在發(fa)展國民(min)經濟、促進科技進步和(he)(he)提(ti)高人民(min)生活水平等(deng)方面發(fa)揮著重要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。'