外墻保(bao)溫(wen)工程防范火災的具體措施

      1、完善外(wai)(wai)墻外(wai)(wai)保溫系(xi)統的防火(huo)技(ji)術(shu)標準目前我國(guo)外(wai)(wai)墻外(wai)(wai)保溫系(xi)統防火(huo)技(ji)術(shu)標準還存(cun)在(zai)這一些缺陷和(he)問題(ti)，應該完善一個具有說服力、強制力的外(wai)(wai)墻外(wai)(wai)保溫系(xi)統的防火(huo)技(ji)術(shu)標準。

2、完善外(wai)(wai)墻外(wai)(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)防(fang)火(huo)(huo)管理(li)體制(zhi)外(wai)(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)施(shi)工周期短，一般不(bu)超過三個月，而(er)建筑物(wu)的(de)使用(yong)奉(feng)命通(tong)常(chang)在50年以上(shang)，就(jiu)(jiu)人員與(yu)財產安全的(de)重(zhong)要性(xing)和建筑物(wu)使用(yong)的(de)長期性(xing)而(er)言，外(wai)(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)防(fang)火(huo)(huo)施(shi)工工藝(yi)及質量就(jiu)(jiu)相對更為重(zhong)要。針對當前外(wai)(wai)墻外(wai)(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)管理(li)較(jiao)混(hun)亂這一現狀，完善管理(li)體制(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)首(shou)當其充。

3、完(wan)善外墻外保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)系統防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)管理方法(fa)(fa)外墻保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)系統采用可(ke)燃已竣工投(tou)入使用、完(wan)成(cheng)節能改(gai)造的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，凡存在封堵不(bu)嚴，防(fang)(fang)(fang)護層(ceng)脫落(luo)、開裂(lie)，保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材料(liao)裸(luo)lu的(de)，必須采用不(bu)燃材料(liao)封堵、覆蓋。禁止(zhi)在外墻上(shang)設置廣告牌、燈(deng)箱等高溫(wen)(wen)用電設備。禁止(zhi)在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)周邊地(di)帶(dai)堆放可(ke)燃物品。同時，業(ye)主單位(wei)需在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)醒(xing)目(mu)位(wei)置設立外墻保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材料(liao)燃燒性(xing)能等級及防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)要求標識。對單位(wei)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安全管理責(ze)(ze)任不(bu)落(luo)實的(de)，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)責(ze)(ze)令(ling)限期(qi)改(gai)正(zheng)(zheng)，逾(yu)期(qi)不(bu)改(gai)正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)實施行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)處罰；建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設施損壞(huai)、不(bu)能正(zheng)(zheng)常運行(xing)(xing)、擅自關停的(de)，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)責(ze)(ze)令(ling)改(gai)正(zheng)(zheng)。

有了完(wan)善(shan)的管理(li)體(ti)制，相應的也要有完(wan)善(shan)的管理(li)方(fang)法。一是(shi)在(zai)市場準(zhun)(zhun)入上要嚴格(ge)把關，通過國家建(jian)設部(bu)門(men)統一準(zhun)(zhun)入、網上公(gong)示等(deng)措(cuo)施把好準(zhun)(zhun)入關；二是(shi)加大(da)生(sheng)產、銷售這一環(huan)節的監(jian)(jian)督管理(li)力度(du)，可耐福噴涂石膏，質量監(jian)(jian)督部(bu)門(men)在(zai)監(jian)(jian)督檢查中首先要注意培養(yang)企業(ye)的質量意識(shi)，品牌意識(shi)，積極引導(dao)企業(ye)按照建(jian)立健全質量體(ti)系(xi)，引導(dao)企業(ye)向良性(xing)循環(huan)的機制上發展，其次對(dui)企業(ye)生(sheng)產條件、生(sheng)產工藝、生(sheng)產流程等(deng)各個環(huan)節進(jin)行監(jian)(jian)督，保(bao)證(zheng)產品達到國家要求的防火性(xing)能。

4、加強(qiang)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)育應(ying)(ying)加強(qiang)建筑(zhu)外保(bao)溫(wen)系(xi)統、外墻(qiang)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)施(shi)工(gong)人員消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)和(he)應(ying)(ying)急疏(shu)散預(yu)案(an)的(de)演練，同時要針(zhen)對(dui)建筑(zhu)外保(bao)溫(wen)系(xi)統、外墻(qiang)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)以(yi)及外墻(qiang)廣告施(shi)工(gong)人員情況(kuang)，組(zu)織(zhi)開(kai)展消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，切(qie)實提(ti)高施(shi)工(gong)人員的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)意識和(he)疏(shu)散逃生能力。尤其是對(dui)于電焊、氣焊等特殊崗位工(gong)種人員，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)加強(qiang)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)法(fa)規、制度和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)操作規程，以(yi)及崗位火(huo)(huo)災危險(xian)性和(he)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)措施(shi)，消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設施(shi)、器(qi)材性能和(he)使用方法(fa)，報火(huo)(huo)警、撲救初(chu)起火(huo)(huo)災、自救逃生等知識和(he)技能的(de)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，并組(zu)織(zhi)專門考試(shi)，考試(shi)不合(he)格人員，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)組(zu)織(zhi)復訓(xun)。

電(dian)焊、氣焊等特殊崗位工種人員應嚴格落實持證(zheng)(zheng)上(shang)崗制度，一旦發現從事電(dian)焊、氣焊作業的人員無上(shang)崗證(zheng)(zheng)的，依法追究操作、用火審批人員責任。要(yao)(yao)加強施工現場的滅火和應急疏(shu)(shu)散演(yan)練(lian)，尤(you)其(qi)是對于已投入使(shi)用的居住、辦公和營業性建(jian)筑，要(yao)(yao)適時組(zu)織居住、工作人員進行疏(shu)(shu)散演(yan)練(lian)，切(qie)實提高人員的消防安全意識和疏(shu)(shu)散逃生(sheng)能(neng)力。

外墻外保溫優點

               1．適(shi)用范圍廣；

               2．保護主體結構，延長建筑物壽命；

               3．基本消除(chu)了“熱橋”的(de)影響；

               4．使墻體潮濕狀況得(de)到(dao)改善

               5．有利于室溫保(bao)持穩定，改(gai)善(shan)室內熱(re)環境質量(liang)；

   ;            6．有利于提高墻體的防水和氣密性；

               7．便于對舊(jiu)建筑的節能改造；  

               8.可相(xiang)對減少保溫材料用(yong)量；

               9．增加房屋使(shi)用面(mian)積。

夾心保(bao)溫優點：將絕熱材料(liao)設置(zhi)在外(wai)墻中間(jian)，有利于較好的(de)發揮墻體(ti)本身對外(wai)界的(de)防(fang)護作(zuo)用； 對保(bao)溫材料(liao)的(de)強度要求不嚴格。

巖棉是建筑物外墻及屋面(mian)理(li)想的保溫(wen)材料

巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物外(wai)(wai)墻及屋面理(li)(li)(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)任(ren)增茂說，近年發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾起重大(da)火(huo)災事故，都與(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)外(wai)(wai)墻保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)關，可(ke)耐(nai)福噴(pen)涂石(shi)膏(gao)廠，因(yin)此(ci)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)問題(ti)再(zai)度引起人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度關注。目前，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)外(wai)(wai)墻保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)：硅(gui)酸鹽保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、膠粉聚苯顆粒、鋼絲網泡沫(mo)板等，防(fang)(fang)火(huo)和環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)性能(neng)不夠理(li)(li)(li)想(xiang)。自從(cong)《建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設計防(fang)(fang)火(huo)規范》gb150016-2014的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施，可(ke)耐(nai)福噴(pen)涂石(shi)膏(gao)公(gong)司，材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)已經逐漸占據(ju)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主流地位，這(zhe)其中巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)又以(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、隔(ge)(ge)熱、防(fang)(fang)火(huo)、吸聲(sheng)等諸多(duo)優(you)點脫穎(ying)而(er)出，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寵兒。巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)是一種天然環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)型(xing)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)、絕(jue)熱型(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。任(ren)增茂告(gao)訴記者，巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)是用(yong)天然巖(yan)石(shi)等作為(wei)(wei)主要原料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，外(wai)(wai)加一定數量的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)助材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，經高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)熔融噴(pen)吹而(er)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)人造(zao)纖維，再(zai)將其制(zhi)(zhi)作成(cheng)巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)制(zhi)(zhi)品，目前我(wo)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)墻保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、防(fang)(fang)火(huo)、隔(ge)(ge)熱在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)量使(shi)(shi)用(yong)巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)。上世(shi)紀70年代后(hou)期，國(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)開(kai)始重視(shi)巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)類保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產及在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)節能(neng)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，力求大(da)幅(fu)度減(jian)少(shao)能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗量，從(cong)而(er)減(jian)少(shao)環(huan)境污染(ran)和溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室效應。現在(zai)(zai)(zai)巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)外(wai)(wai)墻上的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)已經比(bi)較成(cheng)熟，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)節能(neng)用(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)占絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數。例如，美國(guo)(guo)、瑞典及芬(fen)蘭等國(guo)(guo)家80以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、節能(neng)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)德國(guo)(guo)，法(fa)律(lv)中明確規定，可(ke)耐(nai)福噴(pen)涂石(shi)膏(gao)價格，高度超過(guo)22米以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)嚴(yan)禁(jin)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)有(you)機可(ke)燃保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)（如聚材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等），大(da)部分使(shi)(shi)用(yong)巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)作為(wei)(wei)內(nei)墻保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)隔(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)、外(wai)(wai)墻及屋面保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。目前，巖(yan)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)因(yin)其良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、隔(ge)(ge)熱、防(fang)(fang)火(huo)、吸聲(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性，及環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、經濟、實用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性，已經稱霸保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)市場(chang)，被國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)公(gong)認為(wei)(wei)理(li)(li)(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)隔(ge)(ge)熱材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。