工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)表面或外表面用(yong)粗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀(dao)刃與精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀(dao)刃按(an)尺寸順序連結排列的(de)(de)拉(la)刀(dao)去加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，其特長為：極短時(shi)間實現高精度加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；可簡單地加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)軸向形狀一致的(de)(de)復(fu)雜工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)；每刃的(de)(de)切深(shen)與全部切削量(liang)等(deng)在(zai)刀(dao)具設計制(zhi)造時(shi)已(yi)決定，不(bu)需熟練(lian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)去調節操作(zuo)解決；加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表面質量(liang)良好，尺寸精度穩定；加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)的(de)(de)切削壓力(li)，拉(la)刀(dao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)保(bao)持定位，內(nei)(nei)齒加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，夾(jia)緊穩定。

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對拉削前工件的工藝要求

（1）對于(yu)較(jiao)短工件，其長(chang)度小(xiao)于(yu)拉刀兩個齒(chi)距時，可用(yong)夾(jia)具(ju)把幾(ji)個工件緊固在(zai)一起拉削，花鍵加(jia)工，但(dan)必(bi)須注意將工件夾(jia)緊，不使松動，否(fou)則會損壞(huai)拉刀刀齒(chi)。

（2）工件硬度在HB180~240之間(jian)時，經(jing)拉削后能得到(dao)較(jiao)好的表面質量。如低于HB70或高于HB240時，都必須進(jin)行預先(xian)熱處理，改變硬度，改善切(qie)削性能。

拉床：金屬切(qie)削(xue)機床，用來加工孔眼或(huo)鍵槽。加工時，一般工件(jian)不動(dong)(dong)，拉刀(dao)做直(zhi)線(xian)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)切(qie)削(xue)。

拉(la)(la)(la)(la)床(chuang)(chuang)是用拉(la)(la)(la)(la)刀加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)件各種(zhong)內外成型表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)機床(chuang)(chuang)。拉(la)(la)(la)(la)削時機床(chuang)(chuang)只(zhi)(zhi)有拉(la)(la)(la)(la)刀的(de)(de)直線運(yun)(yun)動(dong)，它(ta)是加(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)主(zhu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)，進給運(yun)(yun)動(dong)則靠(kao)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)刀本身的(de)(de)結(jie)構來(lai)實現。按工(gong)(gong)作性質的(de)(de)不同，拉(la)(la)(la)(la)床(chuang)(chuang)可分為內拉(la)(la)(la)(la)床(chuang)(chuang)和(he)外拉(la)(la)(la)(la)床(chuang)(chuang)。拉(la)(la)(la)(la)床(chuang)(chuang)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)都是液壓(ya)傳動(dong)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，它(ta)只(zhi)(zhi)有主(zhu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)，結(jie)構簡單。液壓(ya)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)優點(dian)是運(yun)(yun)動(dong)平穩(wen)，無(wu)(wu)沖(chong)擊(ji)振動(dong)，拉(la)(la)(la)(la)削速(su)度可無(wu)(wu)級調(diao)節，拉(la)(la)(la)(la)力(li)可通過壓(ya)力(li)來(lai)控(kong)制(zhi)。拉(la)(la)(la)(la)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)效率好(hao)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)質量好(hao)，精度一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為IT9-IT7，表面(mian)(mian)粗糙度Ra值為1.6-0.8um。但由于一(yi)把拉(la)(la)(la)(la)刀只(zhi)(zhi)能加(jia)工(gong)(gong)一(yi)種(zhong)尺寸表面(mian)(mian)，且(qie)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)刀較昂(ang)貴，所以(yi)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)要用于大批量生(sheng)產(chan)。