光亮(liang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)：1級：包括無(wu)涂(tu)層、無(wu)合金(jin)的(de)(de)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)，表面無(wu)氧化，不含(han)毛絲，廢(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)纜(lan)回收(shou)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)直徑不小(xiao)于(yu)1.6mm；2級：包括潔凈、無(wu)色澤、無(wu)涂(tu)層、無(wu)錫、無(wu)合金(jin)的(de)(de)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)和銅(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)，不含(han)毛絲和燒(shao)過(guo)的(de)(de)易碎的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)澆鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方法：圓盤澆鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是大型礦銅(tong)(tong)(tong)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)廠采(cai)(cai)用的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)澆鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設備，直線(xian)澆鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)結構(gou)簡單，緊湊(cou)，占地面積少(shao)，投資低，但(dan)陽較質(zhi)量相對(dui)較差，僅為小(xiao)型雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或礦銅(tong)(tong)(tong)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)廠采(cai)(cai)用。直線(xian)澆鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是一種行車輸送機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，它是由傳動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)、牽引鏈條板（牽引構(gou)件）、模(mo)框(kuang)小(xiao)車（承(cheng)載構(gou)件）、鐵軌（支承(cheng)裝置(zhi)(zhi)）以(yi)及軸承(cheng)張緊裝置(zhi)(zhi)組成(cheng)。所有(you)的(de)(de)廢(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)都可(ke)以(yi)再生。再生工(gong)(gong)藝很(hen)簡單。首先把收(shou)集的(de)(de)廢(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)進行分(fen)揀，沒有(you)受污(wu)染的(de)(de)廢(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或成(cheng)分(fen)相同的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)可(ke)以(yi)回爐熔化后(hou)直接利用，被嚴重污(wu)染的(de)(de)廢(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)要(yao)(yao)進一步(bu)精煉處(chu)理(li)去除(chu)雜質(zhi)；對(dui)于(yu)相互混雜的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)廢(fei)料，則需熔化后(hou)進行成(cheng)分(fen)調(diao)整。通(tong)過(guo)這樣的(de)(de)再生處(chu)理(li)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)、化學性質(zhi)不受損害，使它得到完全的(de)(de)更新。

 銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)方法：圓盤澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)機是大(da)型(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)產工廠(chang)采用的(de)主(zhu)要澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)設(she)備，直線(xian)澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)機結構簡單(dan)，緊湊，占地面積少(shao)，投資低(di)，但陽較質(zhi)量相(xiang)對較差(cha)，僅為小型(xing)(xing)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)礦(kuang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)產工廠(chang)采用。直線(xian)澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)機是一種行(xing)車輸送機，它是由傳動(dong)機構、牽引(yin)鏈條板（牽引(yin)構件）、模框小車（承(cheng)載構件）、鐵軌（支承(cheng)裝(zhuang)置）以(yi)及軸承(cheng)張緊裝(zhuang)置組成(cheng)。廢雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)已成(cheng)為世界上生(sheng)(sheng)產電銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)重要原料(liao)之一。由于廢雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)來源各(ge)異，化學(xue)成(cheng)分(fen)與物理(li)規格(ge)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同，因而處理(li)的(de)方法不(bu)(bu)同，熔(rong)煉的(de)目(mu)的(de)也有別。再生(sheng)(sheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)熔(rong)煉的(de)目(mu)的(de)：其一是直接熔(rong)煉成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)基合金或(huo)線(xian)錠銅(tong)(tong)(tong)；其二(er)是生(sheng)(sheng)產再生(sheng)(sheng)精銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。

直(zhi)接熔(rong)(rong)煉成銅基合金(jin)或(huo)線錠銅，則熔(rong)(rong)煉的目的是：

（ 1 ）脫除(chu)溶于銅合金中的(de)雜質元素(su)和氣體(ti)；

（ 2 ）調整化(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)以產出(chu)合乎牌(pai)號的(de)(de)銅合金產品或線(xian)錠(ding)銅，用于(yu)(yu)生產銅合金或線(xian)錠(ding)銅的(de)(de)雜(za)銅成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)必須純凈。　　紫(zi)銅又名紅(hong)銅就，因其顏色為紫(zi)紅(hong)色而得名，特性導電(dian)好、塑(su)性好、導熱也好，但硬度低于(yu)(yu)黃銅，通(tong)常(chang)會(hui)用于(yu)(yu)發電(dian)機﹑母線(xian)﹑電(dian)纜﹑開關裝置(zhi)﹑變(bian)壓器等電(dian)工器材和(he)熱交(jiao)換(huan)器﹑管道﹑太陽能加熱裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)平(ping)板集熱器等導熱器材。紫(zi)銅的(de)(de)鑒別方式(shi)與黃銅差不(bu)多，價格會(hui)在幾十塊錢一斤(jin)不(bu)等，根(gen)據摻雜(za)率與市(shi)場行(xing)情而定，比如說化(hua)工單位(wei)處理的(de)(de)廢電(dian)纜，回收(shou)公司會(hui)根(gen)據廢紫(zi)銅價格，及電(dian)纜皮的(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)來進行(xing)打折(zhe)。

在(zai)大型的鋼鐵聯合企業，從鐵礦石進廠到(dao)焦化、燒(shao)結、煉(lian)鐵、煉(lian)鋼，整個工(gong)(gong)藝流程中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)源消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)和污染排放主要(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)煉(lian)鐵及前工(gong)(gong)序。其中(zhong)(zhong)：轉(zhuan)爐消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)9672萬噸(dun)，占(zhan)總消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)量(liang)65%，電(dian)爐消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)5119萬噸(dun)，占(zhan)總消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)量(liang)35%;廢鋼單耗(hao)(hao)(hao)178kg/t，同比(bi)增(zeng)加66kg/t，增(zeng)幅59.4%。廢鋼比(bi)17.8%，同比(bi)提(ti)高6.6個百(bai)分(fen)點。銅是(shi)我國(guo)長期短缺的金屬，不存在(zai)過剩問題，建設(she)銅冶煉(lian)能(neng)力(li)還(huan)能(neng)充分(fen)利(li)用國(guo)外礦產資(zi)源，因此不應限制上銅冶煉(lian)項目。我認為(wei)這種觀點是(shi)片面(mian)的。