變頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)速(su)用輸入(ru)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)：變頻(pin)器(qi)和(he)(he)調(diao)(diao)速(su)器(qi)在使(shi)(shi)用過(guo)程中，經常會受(shou)到來自浪(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)(he)浪(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)沖擊，會嚴(yan)重損壞變頻(pin)器(qi)和(he)(he)調(diao)(diao)速(su)器(qi)的(de)性能(neng)和(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)，所以要在其(qi)前面加(jia)裝輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)，用于抑制(zhi)(zhi)浪(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)浪(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，保護變頻(pin)器(qi)和(he)(he)調(diao)(diao)速(su)器(qi)，延長(chang)其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)和(he)(he)防止(zhi)諧波干擾，并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)，一般接(jie)在超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線的(de)末端和(he)(he)地之間(jian)(jian)，用來防止(zhi)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線由(you)于距(ju)離很長(chang)而(er)引起的(de)工頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)分(fen)升高，起無功(gong)補償(chang)作用。并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)用于補償(chang)超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)線路(lu)的(de)容(rong)性充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率，有利于限制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)中工頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)升高和(he)(he)操作過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，降低超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統(tong)的(de)絕緣水平(ping)；可以改善沿線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)布，增加(jia)系統(tong)的(de)穩定(ding)性和(he)(he)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力。分(fen)級式 CRT 通 過(guo)抽頭(tou) 可 將CRT 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)分(fen)成 n 份，每一等份電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)由(you)雙(shuang)向晶閘管和(he)(he)斷路(lu)器(qi)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)組成的(de)復合開關(guan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)投(tou)入(ru)和(he)(he)切除，對應(ying)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)多組輸出容(rong)量(liang)，實現容(rong)量(liang)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)。 高低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組間(jian)(jian)短路(lu)阻抗(kang)同(tong)樣為 100%。 L1、L2、L3 為低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)，由(you)雙(shuang)向晶閘管和(he)(he)斷路(lu)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)投(tou)退， 分(fen)別控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 100%級、75%級、50%級的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)容(rong)量(liang)。

CRT 作(zuo)為一(yi)(yi)種重要(yao)的(de)(de)可控(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)類型(xing)， 對其分(fen)類的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)尚無(wu)文(wen)獻報道。 近些年的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)主要(yao)集中在(zai)控(kong)(kong)制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)結構形(xing)式及控(kong)(kong)制方式的(de)(de)方面(mian)， 筆者(zhe)根(gen)據控(kong)(kong)制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)結構不(bu)同(tong)將 CRT 分(fen)為單控(kong)(kong)制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)型(xing)、多控(kong)(kong)制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)型(xing)、多并(bing)聯(lian)支路型(xing)、控(kong)(kong)制繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)分(fen)級式。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)線圈(quan)和(he)鐵(tie)芯(xin)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)裝成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)體后經過(guo)預烘一(yi)(yi)真空浸漆→熱烘固化(hua)這一(yi)(yi)工藝(yi)流程(cheng)，采用+級浸漬(zi)漆，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)線圈(quan)和(he)鐵(tie)芯(xin)牢固地結合在(zai)一(yi)(yi)起，不(bu)但大大減(jian)小了(le)(le)(le)運(yun)行時的(de)(de)噪音。而且具有極高的(de)(de)耐熱等級，可確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)高溫(wen)下(xia)亦能安全地無(wu)噪音地運(yun)行。串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)也稱阻尼(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)或密(mi)集型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)相串聯(lian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)無(wu)功補償裝置，用以(yi)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)合閘涌流，及削減(jian)不(bu)裝設(she)串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)對系(xi)統諧(xie)(xie)波的(de)(de)放(fang)大作(zuo)用。為了(le)(le)(le)使系(xi)統原有諧(xie)(xie)波不(bu)致因增設(she)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)回路而放(fang)大，需裝設(she)串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)回路對諧(xie)(xie)波呈感性，降低了(le)(le)(le)母(mu)線上的(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值，提(ti)高供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)質量，而且限制了(le)(le)(le)高次諧(xie)(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，抑制高次諧(xie)(xie)波，保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)。

變頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)用(yong)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)調(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在使用(yong)過程中(zhong)，經(jing)常會(hui)受到(dao)來自浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)沖擊(ji)，會(hui)嚴重損壞變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)調(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)性能和(he)使用(yong)壽(shou)命，所(suo)以要(yao)在其前(qian)面加裝輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，保護變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)調(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，延(yan)長(chang)其使用(yong)壽(shou)命和(he)防(fang)止諧波干擾(rao)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亦稱(cheng)馬達電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是限制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)連接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)容性充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)及使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)繞組(zu)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)上升率限制(zhi)(zhi)在54OV/us以內，一(yi)般(ban)功率為(wei)4-90KW變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜長(chang)度(du)超(chao)過50m時，應(ying)設置輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)還用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鈍化變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(開關的(de)(de)陡度(du))，直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，減(jian)少(shao)對逆變器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)元件(如IGBT)的(de)(de)擾(rao)動和(he)沖擊(ji)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)6%時，允許輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)運行。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)12脈動整流(liu)(liu)單(dan)元，至(zhi)少(shao)需要(yao)一(yi)相對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降為(wei)2%的(de)(de)網側進(jin)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)業(ye)/工(gong)廠自動化控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，安裝在變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、調(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之間(jian)，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、調(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等產生的(de)(de)浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，大限度(du)的(de)(de)衰減(jian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)高次諧波及畸變諧波。