起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)械亦可稱(cheng)為起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，是(shi)工業(ye)、交(jiao)通、建筑(zhu)企業(ye)中實現(xian)生(sheng)產(chan)過程機(ji)械化、自動化，蚌(bang)埠(bu)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，減輕(qing)繁重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體力勞動，提高(gao)勞動生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要工具和設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，在(zai)我(wo)國已擁有大量(liang)的各(ge)式(shi)各(ge)樣的起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)。在(zai)高(gao)校實驗室(shi)使用(yong)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)雖數量(liang)不(bu)多、起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)噸位不(bu)大，但(dan)由于(yu)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)使用(yong)頻率(lv)不(bu)高(gao)，起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安裝，對其維護保(bao)養及安全運行(xing)顯得更(geng)為重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要。臂架(jia)式(shi)類型起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)包括汽車起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、輪胎式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、履帶式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、塔式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、門座(zuo)式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、浮式(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)和鐵(tie)路起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)。

起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中常(chang)常(chang)需(xu)要(yao)多(duo)(duo)人(ren)配(pei)合，輕小(xiao)型起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設備，共(gong)同進(jin)行。一(yi)個操作，要(yao)求指揮、捆扎、駕駛等作業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)合熟練、動作協調(diao)、互相照應。作業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應有(you)處(chu)理現場緊急情況的(de)能力。有(you)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)械需(xu)要(yao)直(zhi)接載運(yun)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在導軌、平臺或(huo)鋼絲繩上做升(sheng)降(jiang)運(yun)動（如(ru)電梯、升(sheng)降(jiang)平臺等），其(qi)可靠性直(zhi)接影(ying)響人(ren)身安全。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)是在一(yi)定范圍內垂直(zhi)提升(sheng)并水平搬運(yun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物的(de)多(duo)(duo)動作起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設備。橋(qiao)(qiao)式類型起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)包括(kuo)橋(qiao)(qiao)式起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、特種起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、門式起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、裝卸橋(qiao)(qiao)等。

有(you)些起(qi)重(zhong)設(she)備還具有(you)運行機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、變幅機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、回轉機(ji)(ji)構(gou)或其他(ta)的工作機(ji)(ji)構(gou)。物料(liao)可以由鋼絲(si)(si)繩或起(qi)重(zhong)鏈(lian)條等撓性件吊掛著升(sheng)(sheng)降，也可由螺桿或其他(ta)剛性件頂舉。液缸(gang)(gang)(gang)的活塞向(xiang)(xiang)下運動，小型(xing)起(qi)重(zhong)設(she)備，液壓(ya)油經防(fang)爆(bao)型(xing)電磁(ci)換(huan)向(xiang)(xiang)閥進(jin)入液缸(gang)(gang)(gang)上端(duan)，液缸(gang)(gang)(gang)下端(duan)回油經平(ping)衡閥、液控(kong)單向(xiang)(xiang)閥、節流閥、隔爆(bao)型(xing)電磁(ci)換(huan)向(xiang)(xiang)閥回到油箱(xiang)。有(you)的起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械需要直接載運人員在導軌、平(ping)臺(tai)或鋼絲(si)(si)繩上做升(sheng)(sheng)降運動（如電梯、升(sheng)(sheng)降平(ping)臺(tai)等），其可靠性直接影響人身(shen)安全。