氡的危害

氡(dong)(dong)，屬于(yu)(yu)一(yi)種(zhong)放(fang)射性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質核(he)素(su)鈾238、針232和(he)(he)(he)(he)鐳226等(deng)衰(shuai)變(bian)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間產(chan)(chan)物(wu)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)含了三(san)種(zhong)天(tian)然的(de)(de)(de)同位素(su)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)222，220，勘察中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氡(dong)(dong)濃度檢測，219。一(yi)般狀態下(xia)，主(zhu)要指的(de)(de)(de)是自(zi)然界當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐富較多并(bing)(bing)且半衰(shuai)期(qi)(qi)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)氛222 以(yi)及(ji)其子(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)半衰(shuai)期(qi)(qi)有3.8天(tian)。在(zai)元素(su)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)表當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，氡(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)原子(zi)(zi)序數為86，常(chang)壓下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)沸點為-62C，處于(yu)(yu)無色(se)無味的(de)(de)(de)惰性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，屬于(yu)(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)元素(su)。在(zai)氡(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害(hai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)致病(bing)機理當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，僅(jin)次于(yu)(yu)吸(xi)煙的(de)(de)(de)第二大治元兇。氡(dong)(dong)以(yi)及(ji)其子(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)射性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溶(rong)膠被人體(ti)(ti)(ti)吸(xi)入之后，會在(zai)呼吸(xi)道(dao)表面當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行沉(chen)淀并(bing)(bing)且不斷(duan)發射出對粒(li)子(zi)(zi)，對于(yu)(yu)支氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)肺部的(de)(de)(de)上皮細胞會產(chan)(chan)生一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)射現(xian)(xian)象。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)良好和(he)(he)(he)(he)脂(zhi)溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)良好的(de)(de)(de)家以(yi)及(ji)其子(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有三(san)分(fen)之一(yi)可以(yi)在(zai)呼吸(xi)道(dao)黏膜和(he)(he)(he)(he)血氣(qi)(qi)(qi)屏障的(de)(de)(de)基礎上進(jin)入到血液并(bing)(bing)且實現(xian)(xian)全(quan)身的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)，沉(chen)積(ji)在(zai)脂(zhi)肪當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，從而實現(xian)(xian)對造(zao)血產(chan)(chan)生持續的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)射現(xian)(xian)象。因(yin)此肺部和(he)(he)(he)(he)屬于(yu)(yu)氡(dong)(dong)以(yi)及(ji)其子(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)主(zhu)要作用的(de)(de)(de)兩個，可以(yi)造(zao)成其產(chan)(chan)生基因(yin)突變(bian)或者染色(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)畸變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象，終導致以(yi)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發生。

    隨著(zhu)綠色(se)建(jian)筑(zhu)的不斷推廣，對于室(shi)內(nei)(nei)空(kong)氣質(zhi)量的重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)也(ye)日益增加。而(er)土(tu)壤氡濃度(du)作為影(ying)響室(shi)內(nei)(nei)空(kong)氣質(zhi)量的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)因素之一，其檢(jian)測(ce)在綠色(se)建(jian)筑(zhu)中的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性也(ye)越來越受(shou)到重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)。

   土壤氡是天然放射性核素中(zhong)的一(yi)種，廣泛(fan)存(cun)在于自然環境中(zhong)，如土壤、巖石、地下水等。而氡的子孫核素在空氣中(zhong)易于積累，進(jin)入室內會(hui)成為潛在的威脅(xie)人體健(jian)康的因(yin)素。因(yin)此(ci)，在綠色建(jian)筑中(zhong)，對土壤氡濃度(du)進(jin)行檢測是非常(chang)必要的。

首先，土壤氡(dong)(dong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)檢測(ce)(ce)可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高綠色建筑的(de)室內(nei)(nei)空(kong)氣質(zhi)量。室內(nei)(nei)空(kong)氣中(zhong)的(de)氡(dong)(dong)貪量過高，會增加人體(ti)罹患的(de)風險。近年來，人們越來越意識到(dao)室內(nei)(nei)氡(dong)(dong)污(wu)(wu)染對(dui)人體(ti)健康的(de)影響，如(ru)在一(yi)些歐美國家，氡(dong)(dong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)檢測(ce)(ce)，氡(dong)(dong)已成(cheng)為室內(nei)(nei)空(kong)氣污(wu)(wu)染的(de)主要(yao)因素之一(yi)。因此，對(dui)土壤氡(dong)(dong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)進(jin)行檢測(ce)(ce)，可(ke)以(yi)保證在綠色建筑的(de)設計和施工中(zhong)，采取相應的(de)措(cuo)施降低居住者的(de)室內(nei)(nei)家污(wu)(wu)染，土壤氡(dong)(dong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)檢測(ce)(ce)報告，提(ti)高室內(nei)(nei)空(kong)氣質(zhi)量。

土壤氡濃度檢(jian)測在(zai)綠色建筑中(zhong)重要性

保護生態環境

土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)氡濃(nong)度(du)不(bu)僅對(dui)(dui)人體健康產生(sheng)(sheng)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，建筑氡濃(nong)度(du)檢測，還對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)的(de)保護(hu)(hu)產生(sheng)(sheng)重要(yao)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。高濃(nong)度(du)的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)氡會影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)植(zhi)物的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)和生(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)的(de)平衡(heng)(heng)，因(yin)此對(dui)(dui)于綠色建筑，必(bi)須進(jin)行土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)氡濃(nong)度(du)檢測，并根據檢測結果對(dui)(dui)建筑和生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)進(jin)行合理的(de)規劃和設(she)計(ji)。通(tong)過減少土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)氡的(de)污染，可以保護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)和生(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)的(de)平衡(heng)(heng)。

總之，土(tu)壤(rang)氡(dong)濃度(du)(du)檢測在綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中起(qi)著至關重要的(de)(de)作用(yong)。通過檢測土(tu)壤(rang)氡(dong)濃度(du)(du)，可(ke)以確保建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)安(an)全性，提(ti)升室內環(huan)境質量，保護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態環(huan)境，為人們提(ti)供(gong)更(geng)加安(an)全、舒適、健康的(de)(de)居住和工作條件。因此，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業應該(gai)重視土(tu)壤(rang)氡(dong)濃度(du)(du)檢測的(de)(de)工作，在建(jian)(jian)設和使用(yong)綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)過程中，充分利(li)用(yong)科技手段，保護(hu)(hu)環(huan)境，保障(zhang)人類健康。