導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輥(gun)包括(kuo)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輥(gun)的(de)外(wai)(wai)層(ceng)由(you)至少部分導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)由(you)離子導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)聚合(he)物(wu)的(de)組(zu)(zu)合(he)物(wu)賦(fu)予(yu)的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠組(zu)(zu)合(he)物(wu)構成、內(nei)(nei)層(ceng)由(you)離子導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)聚合(he)物(wu)的(de)組(zu)(zu)合(he)物(wu)賦(fu)予(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)以外(wai)(wai)的(de)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠等(deng)構成的(de)雙(shuang)層(ceng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輥(gun)，以及與上述相反的(de)外(wai)(wai)層(ceng)由(you)離子導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)聚合(he)物(wu)賦(fu)予(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)以外(wai)(wai)的(de)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠等(deng)構成、內(nei)(nei)層(ceng)由(you)至少部分導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)由(you)離子導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)聚合(he)物(wu)的(de)組(zu)(zu)合(he)物(wu)賦(fu)予(yu)的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠組(zu)(zu)合(he)物(wu)構成的(de)雙(shuang)層(ceng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輥(gun)。

超純(chun)金屬的(de)制備(bei)有化(hua)學(xue)提(ti)(ti)純(chun)法(fa)如精餾（特別(bie)是(shi)金屬氯化(hua)物的(de)精餾及氫(qing)還原）、升(sheng)華(hua)、溶劑(ji)萃取等和(he)物理提(ti)(ti)純(chun)法(fa)如區(qu)熔提(ti)(ti)純(chun)等（見硅、鍺、鋁、銦）。其(qi)中(zhong)以區(qu)熔提(ti)(ti)純(chun)或區(qu)熔提(ti)(ti)純(chun)與其(qi)他方法(fa)相 結合有效(xiao)。

由于容(rong)器與藥劑中(zhong)雜質的污染，使得到(dao)(dao)的金(jin)屬純(chun)度(du)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)一定的限(xian)制(zhi)，只(zhi)有用(yong)化學方(fang)法(fa)將(jiang)金(jin)屬提(ti)純(chun)到(dao)(dao)一定純(chun)度(du)之后，再(zai)用(yong)物理方(fang)法(fa)如區(qu)熔提(ti)純(chun)，蚌埠香檳(bin)金(jin)靶材，才能(neng)將(jiang)金(jin)屬純(chun)度(du)提(ti)到(dao)(dao)一個新的高(gao)度(du)。可以(yi)用(yong)半(ban)導體材料鍺及超純(chun)金(jin)屬鋁為例說明典型的超純(chun)金(jin)屬制(zhi)備(bei)及檢測的原理（見區(qu)域熔煉(lian)）。

在傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用領域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)于的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)隨著(zhu)這些產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)興衰而出(chu)(chu)(chu)現此(ci)起彼(bi)落此(ci)消彼(bi)長，甚至(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)淘汰而與無(wu)緣，香檳金(jin)靶(ba)材哪家(jia)好(hao)，例如照相用膠卷。科技的(de)(de)(de)進步和(he)發(fa)展，使傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)生劇(ju)(ju)烈的(de)(de)(de)變遷(qian)，也(ye)使的(de)(de)(de)供求(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)況出(chu)(chu)(chu)現急劇(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)變化，這種變化也(ye)是導致了的(de)(de)(de)價格出(chu)(chu)(chu)現劇(ju)(ju)烈波(bo)動的(de)(de)(de)因素之一。然(ran)而在傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)不斷的(de)(de)(de)和(he)轉型中(zhong)(zhong)，依(yi)然(ran)成(cheng)為選擇的(de)(de)(de)關鍵性材料，用更(geng)和(he)更(geng)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)和(he)手段(duan)，把(ba)的(de)(de)(de)性能發(fa)揮得(de)更(geng)淋漓(li)盡致。