光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)EPC的(de)用(yong)途主(zhu)要體現(xian)在(zai)(zai)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)全(quan)(quan)過程承(cheng)包(bao)上。EPC，即Engineering（工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程）、Procurement（采(cai)購(gou)）、Ctruction（施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)）的(de)縮(suo)寫(xie)，是一(yi)種總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)模式(shi)。在(zai)(zai)這一(yi)模式(shi)下(xia)，EPC總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、采(cai)購(gou)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)全(quan)(quan)過程，并終向業主(zhu)交付一(yi)個符(fu)合合同(tong)約(yue)定要求的(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。具(ju)體來說，EPC總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)在(zai)(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)前期會組織團隊(dui)成員進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)調研，了(le)解當地政策、地形、氣候等(deng)信息，并制定初步(bu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案。在(zai)(zai)方(fang)案通過審查(cha)后(hou)，總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)會進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)深化設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，包(bao)括光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組件選型、支架設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)纜布局等(deng)，并組織內部評(ping)審以確(que)保(bao)(bao)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)合理性和(he)(he)可行(xing)(xing)(xing)性。隨后(hou)，根據設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經理會組織采(cai)購(gou)團隊(dui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)資采(cai)購(gou)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)所有物(wu)資符(fu)合設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)要求，并具(ju)有相應的(de)。，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍按照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)進(jin)(jin)入現(xian)場，開始安裝施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，分布式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)家，并在(zai)(zai)安裝過程中遵循安全(quan)(quan)操作規(gui)程，確(que)保(bao)(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)和(he)(he)進(jin)(jin)度(du)。因此，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)EPC的(de)用(yong)途在(zai)(zai)于(yu)為光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)提供服(fu)務，從項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)物(wu)資采(cai)購(gou)，再到(dao)現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)都會全(quan)(quan)程參與并負(fu)責(ze)(ze)，從而(er)確(que)保(bao)(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)順利進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)高(gao)質量(liang)完(wan)成。這種總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)模式(shi)有助于(yu)降低業主(zhu)的(de)風險和(he)(he)成本，提高(gao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)整(zheng)體效益。

分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是一(yi)種利用(yong)(yong)分(fen)(fen)散式(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)源、裝(zhuang)機規模較小且布(bu)置在用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)附近(jin)的(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統。它特指采用(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組(zu)件，將(jiang)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)直接轉換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)系(xi)統，通(tong)(tong)常接入低(di)于(yu)35千伏(fu)或(huo)更低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)有(you)多種優點。首先(xian)，由于(yu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)點靠近(jin)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)點，它顯著減少了(le)遠(yuan)距離高(gao)壓(ya)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性和抗干(gan)擾能(neng)(neng)力。其(qi)(qi)次，這種發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)環(huan)保效(xiao)益(yi)突出(chu)，不產生溫室氣體排放，有(you)助于(yu)減少環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)污染(ran)和應對氣候變化(hua)。此外，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)還具(ju)有(you)靈活(huo)性和可(ke)(ke)擴(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)性，可(ke)(ke)以根據(ju)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)需求靈活(huo)部署(shu)，規模可(ke)(ke)大可(ke)(ke)小，容(rong)易擴(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)。，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)自(zi)發(fa)自(zi)用(yong)(yong)或(huo)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網獲得經濟(ji)收益(yi)，尤其(qi)(qi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價較高(gao)或(huo)有(you)補貼政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)場景(jing)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)廣(guang)泛(fan)，包括工商業(ye)屋頂光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)、漁光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)互(hu)補光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)、農光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)互(hu)補光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)、林光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)互(hu)補光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)、戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)等(deng)類型。這些光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)不僅能(neng)(neng)夠充分(fen)(fen)利用(yong)(yong)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)(zi)源，還可(ke)(ke)以與周圍環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)相(xiang)協調，實(shi)現能(neng)(neng)源與環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)和諧(xie)發(fa)展(zhan)。隨著光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)技(ji)術的(de)(de)不斷進步(bu)和產業(ye)鏈的(de)(de)完善，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)成本持(chi)續下降，經濟(ji)性日(ri)益(yi)凸顯。同時，范(fan)圍內許多國(guo)家(jia)都出(chu)臺了(le)支持(chi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，為分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)行(xing)業(ye)提(ti)供了(le)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)市場環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)和良好(hao)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)預期。總(zong)之，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是一(yi)種具(ju)有(you)廣(guang)闊應用(yong)(yong)前景(jing)和巨大潛力的(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)在未來(lai)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源領域發(fa)揮越來(lai)越重要的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。

分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是一種新(xin)型的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綜(zong)合利用方式(shi)(shi)(shi)，它(ta)倡導就(jiu)近發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、并網(wang)、轉(zhuan)換和(he)使用的(de)(de)原則。這(zhe)(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)通常位于(yu)用戶附(fu)近，所(suo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用于(yu)就(jiu)地利用，并通過較低的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。其總(zong)裝機容量一般(ban)低于(yu)20兆瓦，并網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于(yu)35千伏(fu)。分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)依賴(lai)于(yu)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，如(ru)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)、風能(neng)(neng)等(deng)。例如(ru)，太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利用光伏(fu)組(zu)件將太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)。風能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)則通過風力(li)帶(dai)動發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉(zhuan)動產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)。這(zhe)(zhe)種發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)不僅提高(gao)了(le)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率，還降(jiang)低了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)在升壓(ya)及長(chang)途運輸中的(de)(de)損耗。分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具有諸(zhu)多(duo)(duo)優點。首先，其供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性高(gao)，各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)相互獨立，能(neng)(neng)夠自行(xing)控制(zhi)，有助(zhu)于(yu)減少大(da)規模停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事故(gu)。其次(ci)，分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)使用可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有助(zhu)于(yu)減少環境污染(ran)。此外，分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)還具有明顯(xian)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟優勢，對于(yu)偏遠地區(qu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)難以覆蓋的(de)(de)地方，它(ta)提供了(le)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應(ying)方案。隨著技術(shu)的(de)(de)不斷(duan)進(jin)步，分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)光伏(fu)組(zu)件功(gong)率不斷(duan)提升，N型組(zu)件等(deng)新(xin)技術(shu)也在逐(zhu)步普及，這(zhe)(zhe)將進(jin)一步提高(gao)分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率和(he)經(jing)濟效益(yi)。未(wei)來，分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有望在更多(duo)(duo)領域得到應(ying)用，為社會的(de)(de)可(ke)持續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)做出更大(da)貢獻。