裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)缺(que)(que)陷(xian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過磨(mo)削(xue)來消除。超聲(sheng)波無(wu)損檢測用(yong)于確定缺(que)(que)陷(xian)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)和長度(du)(du)，然(ran)后用(yong)砂輪(lun)進(jin)行(xing)磨(mo)削(xue)。磨(mo)削(xue)從(cong)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)兩端開始，缺(que)(que)陷(xian)位置(zhi)磨(mo)削(xue)成U形槽。然(ran)后進(jin)行(xing)表面(mian)缺(que)(que)陷(xian)檢測，以(yi)檢查(cha)缺(que)(que)陷(xian)是否被完全去除，直(zhi)到(dao)確認缺(que)(que)陷(xian)被完全去除。當磨(mo)削(xue)深度(du)(du)超過鋼(gang)厚度(du)(du)的(de)(de)5%或2mm時，應進(jin)行(xing)補焊。脹形缺(que)(que)陷(xian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)液壓頂升法修復，但嚴重的(de)(de)脹形變(bian)形會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)頭(tou)部各(ge)(ge)區域(yu)應力(li)水(shui)平不均勻(yun)(yun)，碳鋼(gang)鋼(gang)球(qiu)規格，頭(tou)部各(ge)(ge)部分(fen)機械性能(neng)不均勻(yun)(yun)，山西碳鋼(gang)鋼(gang)球(qiu)，不適合修復。過度(du)(du)燃燒(shao)缺(que)(que)陷(xian)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)金相組織(zhi)的(de)(de)變(bian)化、材料機械性能(neng)的(de)(de)降(jiang)低以(yi)及(ji)難以(yi)定義過熱、過度(du)(du)燃燒(shao)和燃燒(shao)。建議報(bao)廢頭(tou)部。輕微的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)拋光和消除。劃痕和局部凹坑可(ke)(ke)以(yi)酌情拋光和修復。這些(xie)坑整周都無(wu)法修復，應該丟棄。

總結和分析了不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)壓力容(rong)器封頭制造和使用中的(de)各(ge)種缺(que)陷(xian)及其原因，提(ti)出了消除和修復缺(que)陷(xian)的(de)技術措施。

壓(ya)(ya)力容器封(feng)頭是壓(ya)(ya)力容器的主(zhu)要(yao)壓(ya)(ya)力部件之一。為了(le)減(jian)少缺陷的發生(sheng)(sheng)，有(you)必要(yao)分析缺陷產生(sheng)(sheng)的原(yuan)因，碳鋼鋼球加(jia)工(gong)，提出控制缺陷發生(sheng)(sheng)的主(zhu)要(yao)措施，碳鋼鋼球生(sheng)(sheng)產，并制定合(he)理的可修復缺陷修復工(gong)藝。

不銹鋼封頭的加工(gong)(gong)成型工(gong)(gong)藝包括材(cai)料(liao)驗收、表面處理(li)、整(zheng)平、劃(hua)線、切割、焊接(jie)、焊接(jie)、磨削、沖壓成型、無損檢測、熱(re)處理(li)、修整(zheng)等工(gong)(gong)藝。然而(er)，在加工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，材(cai)料(liao)、厚度、加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝和工(gong)(gong)人熟練程(cheng)度的變化(hua)很可(ke)能產生各種缺陷(xian)。

封頭拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)運動(dong)流程(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)，狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態一(yi)為(wei)(wei)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)初始位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)，狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態二為(wei)(wei)拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)和壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)在拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)缸(gang)的驅動(dong)下(xia)一(yi)起(qi)快(kuai)速接近(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態三為(wei)(wei)拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)不動(dong)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)下(xia)行壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)圈壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)住工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態四為(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)不動(dong)（有壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)力）拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)下(xia)行拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態五為(wei)(wei)拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)退回到位(wei)，頂起(qi)旋轉(zhuan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)頂起(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)。其工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)：液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)初始位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)→拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)一(yi)起(qi)快(kuai)降(jiang)→壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)單獨快(kuai)降(jiang)→壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)加壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)→拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)下(xia)行拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)→保壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)yan時及卸壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)→拉(la)(la)(la)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)邊(bian)(bian)滑(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)(kuai)回程(cheng)(cheng)→頂起(qi)旋轉(zhuan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)頂起(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)→（工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)移走后）頂起(qi)旋轉(zhuan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)退回。