架空線產品執行標準

   GB/T 12527-2008《額(e)定電壓(ya)1kV及以下(xia)架空絕緣(yuan)電纜》

用途

       架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（全稱架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)），是(shi)裝有絕緣(yuan)層和(he)(he)(he)保護(hu)外(wai)皮的(de)架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，采(cai)用(yong)類似于交聯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)生產工藝制造的(de)一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，是(shi)介(jie)于架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)地下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)之間的(de)新的(de)輸電(dian)(dian)方式。架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)都是(shi)單芯(xin)(xin)的(de)，按其(qi)結(jie)構(gou)不同可分為(wei)硬(ying)(ying)鋁(lv)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)結(jie)構(gou)、硬(ying)(ying)拉銅(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)結(jie)構(gou)、鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)結(jie)構(gou)、鋼芯(xin)(xin)或鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)芯(xin)(xin)支撐結(jie)構(gou)和(he)(he)(he)自承式三芯(xin)(xin)紋合(he)結(jie)構(gou)(線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)可為(wei)硬(ying)(ying)鋁(lv)或硬(ying)(ying)銅(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))等(deng)。具有供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性高(gao)(gao)、供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)安全性好(hao)、架(jia)(jia)設和(he)(he)(he)維修(xiu)方便和(he)(he)(he)經(jing)濟性合(he)理等(deng)主要(yao)特點。其(qi)主要(yao)技術參數包(bao)括耐(nai)候(hou)性、絕緣(yuan)水平、內、外(wai)半導電(dian)(dian)屏蔽層。架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在國內外(wai)輸電(dian)(dian)應(ying)用(yong)廣泛。甘孜架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，達(da)州架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，梁山架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。達(da)州架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)，壁山架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路，高(gao)(gao)低壓架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，綿陽架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，渝中架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，黔(qian)南架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，江北架(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

使用特性

  1、額定電壓為1KV及以下。

        2、導體長期允許工作溫度：額定電(dian)壓1KV的(de)高密度聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣架空電(dian)纜(lan)應(ying)不(bu)超(chao)過70℃，交聯聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣架空電(dian)纜(lan)應(ying)不(bu)超(chao)過90℃。

        3、架空電纜的敷設溫度應不(bu)低于-20℃。

        4、架(jia)空電纜的允許彎曲半徑：

              架空電纜外徑（D）小(xiao)于25mm者，應(ying)不小(xiao)于4D；

              架空電纜外徑(jing)（D）為(wei)25mm及以上者，應不小于6D

   目(mu)前電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)送電(dian)線(xian)路有兩種(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是常見的(de)(de)(de)架空線(xian)路，它一(yi)(yi)般(ban)使用(yong)無絕緣的(de)(de)(de)裸導線(xian)，通過立于(yu)地面的(de)(de)(de)桿塔作為支持物，將導線(xian)用(yong)絕緣子懸架于(yu)桿塔上;另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)路，它采用(yong)特殊加工制造而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)，埋設于(yu)地下(xia)或敷設在電(dian)纜(lan)隧(sui)道(dao)中(zhong)。

架空輸電線路：

    架(jia)(jia)空輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)線路由線路桿塔、導(dao)線、絕緣子(zi)等(deng)構成(cheng)，架(jia)(jia)設在地面之(zhi)上(shang)；架(jia)(jia)空導(dao)線由導(dao)電(dian)(dian)良好的金屬制成(cheng)，有足夠粗的截面（以保持適當的通流密度）和(he)較大曲(qu)率半徑（以減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)）。超(chao)高壓輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)則多采(cai)用分裂(lie)導(dao)線。

電力電纜線路：

電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜一般(ban)由(you)導線(xian)、絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)和保護層(ceng)(ceng)組(zu)成(cheng)，有單芯(xin)(xin)、雙芯(xin)(xin)和三芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)纜。

地(di)下電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)多用(yong)(yong)于架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)設困難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區，如城(cheng)市或特殊跨(kua)越(yue)地(di)段的(de)(de)(de)輸電(dian)。目(mu)前采用(yong)(yong)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)方式送電(dian)，主要是(shi)從城(cheng)市景觀和(he)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)安全角度考慮。但電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)故障(zhang)查(cha)找時(shi)間(jian)和(he)維修時(shi)間(jian)非常長(chang)，給電(dian)網(wang)運行的(de)(de)(de)可靠性和(he)用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)正常用(yong)(yong)電(dian)帶來嚴重的(de)(de)(de)影響。所以在電(dian)網(wang)建設中，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)全部替(ti)代架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)還是(shi)無(wu)法實現的(de)(de)(de).大足(zu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)安裝，渝北架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，黃岡架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，攀枝(zhi)花架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，潼南架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，江北架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，彭水(shui)架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，達州(zhou)架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)，甘孜架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，石(shi)柱(zhu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，大足(zu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。永川架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)，忠縣架(jia)(jia)(jia)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)等

采用空架絕(jue)緣導線的可用這些(xie)地域 

    1、架空電(dian)纜與房屋建筑的間距不可以達到(dao)《空架配電(dian)線(xian)路設計(ji)方案技術規范》(SDJ206-一1987)規定又不可以采用電(dian)纜線(xian)線(xian)路的。 

    2、飄金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)塵土及多(duo)環境污染的(de)地區(qu)(qu)。在老(lao)工(gong)業園區(qu)(qu)，因為環境保護達(da)不上規范(fan)，金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)質的(de)激(ji)光切割加(jia)工(gong)公司，常(chang)常(chang)有飛飄金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)塵土迎風招(zhao)展(zhan)。在火(huo)電站(zhan)、制藥廠的(de)環境污染地區(qu)(qu)，導(dao)致空架配電線(xian)路短路故障、接地裝置(zhi)常(chang)見故障。采(cai)用(yong)空架絕緣(yuan)導(dao)線(xian)，是避(bi)免10kV配電線(xian)路短路故障接地裝置(zhi)的(de)不錯(cuo)方式。 

    3、耐腐蝕地域。耐腐蝕對裸導(dao)線(xian)(xian)浸蝕相當(dang)嚴重(zhong)，使裸導(dao)線(xian)(xian)抗壓強度大幅度降低，碰到狂風(feng)暴雨，引起導(dao)線(xian)(xian)破掉(diao)，易導(dao)致線(xian)(xian)路短(duan)路故(gu)障(zhang)接地裝置安(an)全(quan)事故(gu)，采用絕緣(yuan)空架導(dao)線(xian)(xian)，能不錯地防耐腐蝕浸蝕。減緩線(xian)(xian)路的脆化，增(zeng)加(jia)線(xian)(xian)路的使用期(qi)限。 

    4、雷(lei)擊較(jiao)多的(de)地區。絕緣(yuan)空架(jia)導線(xian)因為有一層絕緣(yuan)維護，可減少(shao)線(xian)路引雷(lei)，降(jiang)低接地裝置(zhi)常見故(gu)障的(de)斷(duan)電時(shi)間。 

    5、老城區更新改造。因(yin)為絕(jue)緣(yuan)空(kong)架(jia)導線可承(cheng)擔工(gong)作電壓15kV，絕(jue)緣(yuan)架(jia)空(kong)線，絕(jue)緣(yuan)導線與(yu)房屋建筑(zhu)的較小安全距(ju)(ju)離為1米，遵義架(jia)空(kong)線，水平距(ju)(ju)離為0.75m。 

    6、強(qiang)(qiang)臺風(feng)地域。因為空架(jia)裸導線(xian)(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)抗(kang)強(qiang)(qiang)臺風(feng)工作能(neng)力(li)較弱(ruo)，強(qiang)(qiang)臺風(feng)一到，電力(li)架(jia)空線(xian)(xian)(xian)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)路跳電此起(qi)彼落。 

    7、底壓配(pei)電(dian)系統軟件(jian)宜采(cai)用空(kong)架絕緣配(pei)電(dian)線路（或采(cai)用基本(ben)空(kong)架方法，或采(cai)用貝(bei)塔射線線，既融入了自然環境在安全性上(shang)的規定(ding)，又做(zuo)到了減(jian)少輸出功率(lv)耗損的目(mu)地）。 

    8、除此之外(wai)，也有高(gao)層住宅古建筑群(qun)地域(yu)；人口密集的(de)小城(cheng)鎮建設，熱鬧街(jie)道(dao)社區(qu)區(qu)；景(jing)色綠化(hua)帶、防護林帶區(qu)。