阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)電(dian)纜適用但(dan)凡在火災事故(gu)時，仍(reng)需維持(chi)一切正常(chang)運作(zuo)的(de)路線(xian)，如(ru)工業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產及工業(ye)(ye)建筑的(de)消(xiao)防設施(shi)、應急照(zhao)明燈控制回路等(deng)。為實(shi)現電(dian)纜的(de)阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)或(huo)提高(gao)電(dian)纜的(de)阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)級(ji)別，人們研制開發出擠(ji)包所謂'隔(ge)(ge)(ge)氧(yang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)'或(huo)'隔(ge)(ge)(ge)火層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)'作(zuo)為填(tian)充(chong)或(huo)繞包隔(ge)(ge)(ge)火阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)包帶(隔(ge)(ge)(ge)火層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng))等(deng)新型結構的(de)阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)電(dian)纜，并把這種電(dian)纜叫做(zuo)'隔(ge)(ge)(ge)氧(yang)(火)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)'電(dian)纜。在電(dian)纜燃(ran)燒時會釋放大(da)量的(de)濃煙(yan)和鹵酸氣(qi)體(ti)，鹵酸氣(qi)體(ti)對周圍的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)有腐蝕性危害，救援(yuan)人員需要帶上(shang)防毒面(mian)具才能接近(jin)現場進行滅火。

耐火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)大(da)多用作(zuo)應急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)，要求火(huo)(huo)災時正常工作(zuo)。由于(yu)火(huo)(huo)災時環境(jing)溫度急劇上升，為(wei)保證線路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)輸送容量，降(jiang)低壓(ya)降(jiang)，對于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)較(jiao)長且嚴(yan)格限定允(yun)許電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)回路(lu)，應將耐火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)截(jie)面至(zhi)(zhi)少放(fang)大(da)一檔。耐火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)分為(wei)A類(lei)和B類(lei)，A類(lei)耐火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)耐火(huo)(huo)性能優于(yu)B類(lei)。B類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)能夠在750℃～800℃的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)焰中和額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下耐受燃(ran)(ran)燒至(zhi)(zhi)少90min而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)不(bu)(bu)被(bei)擊(ji)穿(chuan)（即3A保險絲不(bu)(bu)熔(rong)斷(duan)）。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)燃(ran)(ran)燒時給周(zhou)圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備以(yi)及(ji)救援人(ren)(ren)員造成危害，不(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)滅火(huo)(huo)救援工作(zuo)，從而(er)(er)導致嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)'二次危害'。而(er)(er)無鹵(lu)低煙(yan)阻燃(ran)(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣層、護(hu)(hu)套、外(wai)護(hu)(hu)層以(yi)及(ji)輔助材料(liao)(包(bao)帶(dai)及(ji)填充)全部或部分采用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)含鹵(lu)的(de)(de)(de)交聯(lian)聚乙烯(XIPE)阻燃(ran)(ran)材料(liao)，不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)具有(you)(you)更好的(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)(ran)特(te)性，而(er)(er)且在電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)燃(ran)(ran)燒時沒有(you)(you)鹵(lu)酸(suan)氣體放(fang)出，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)發煙(yan)量也小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)燃(ran)(ran)燒產生的(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)性氣體也少，對周(zhou)圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備及(ji)人(ren)(ren)身造成的(de)(de)(de)危害較(jiao)小，有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)滅火(huo)(huo)救援工作(zuo)，因而(er)(er)，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)在國外(wai)被(bei)稱(cheng)做'清(qing)潔電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)'。

利用無機阻燃劑(ji)，如將氫氧化(hua)鋁(lv)，氫氧化(hua)鎂，防(fang)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)生產廠家，硼酸(suan)鋅，磷化(hua)物等(deng)(deng)添(tian)加到高分子聚(ju)合(he)物中(zhong)，用以提高其阻燃性(xing)能(neng)，這種(zhong)方法(fa)在(zai)無鹵阻燃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)應(ying)用較為普遍;利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的截面(mian)結構設(she)計，如隔氧層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)、鎧裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)等(deng)(deng)。阻燃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是早研(yan)制出(chu)的防(fang)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)品種(zhong)之一，其特點是在(zai)火災情況下，能(neng)有(you)(you)效的防(fang)止火焰沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)槽溝、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)豎井等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)敷(fu)設(she)密集部(bu)位迅速蔓延(yan)而擴(kuo)大(da)火災范圍。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)燃燒時會釋放(fang)大(da)量的濃煙和鹵酸(suan)氣(qi)(qi)體，鹵酸(suan)氣(qi)(qi)體對周圍的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)有(you)(you)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)危害，救援(yuan)人員需要帶上防(fang)毒面(mian)具(ju)才能(neng)接(jie)近現場進行(xing)滅火。