X射(she)線是(shi)從(cong)X射(she)線管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)產生的(de)，X射(she)線管(guan)(guan)是(shi)一種(zhong)兩極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)管(guan)(guan)。將陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)燈絲(si)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)之(zhi)白(bai)熾電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)在真空中(zhong)放出，如(ru)果(guo)兩極(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間加幾十千(qian)伏(fu)以至兒百千(qian)伏(fu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(叫做管(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)從(cong)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)向(xiang)加速飛行、獲得很大的(de)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)，當這(zhe)些(xie)高速電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)撞擊陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時。與(yu)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)屬原子(zi)的(de)核外庫侖場作用，放出X射(she)線。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)部分轉(zhuan)變為X射(she)線能(neng)，其中(zhong)大部分都轉(zhuan)變為熱能(neng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)是(shi)從(cong)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)移向(xiang)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)流則(ze)相反，是(shi)從(cong)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)流動(dong)(dong)的(de)，這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流叫做管(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，要(yao)調(diao)節管(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，只(zhi)要(yao)調(diao)節燈絲(si)加熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)流即可，管(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)調(diao)節是(shi)靠調(diao)整X射(she)線裝置(zhi)主變壓器的(de)初級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓來實現(xian)的(de)。

利用射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)透過(guo)物體時(shi)，會發(fa)生吸收(shou)和(he)(he)散射(she)(she)這(zhe)(zhe)一特性(xing)，AXI檢測機，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)測量材料中因缺(que)陷(xian)存在(zai)(zai)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)來探測缺(que)陷(xian)的(de)(de)(de)。X射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)γ射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)物質時(shi)，其強度(du)逐漸減弱。射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)還(huan)有個重要性(xing)質，就是能(neng)(neng)使(shi)(shi)膠(jiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)感光，當(dang)X射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)或γ射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)照(zhao)射(she)(she)膠(jiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)時(shi)，與普(pu)通(tong)(tong)光線(xian)(xian)一樣，能(neng)(neng)使(shi)(shi)膠(jiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)乳(ru)劑(ji)層中的(de)(de)(de)鹵化銀(yin)產生潛象中心，經過(guo)顯(xian)影(ying)(ying)和(he)(he)定影(ying)(ying)后(hou)就黑化，接收(shou)射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)越多的(de)(de)(de)部位黑化程度(du)越高(gao)，這(zhe)(zhe)個作用叫(jiao)做射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)相作用。因為(wei)X射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)或γ射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)鹵化銀(yin)感光作用比(bi)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)光線(xian)(xian)小得(de)多，所以必(bi)須使(shi)(shi)用特殊的(de)(de)(de)X射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)膠(jiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)膠(jiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)面(mian)都涂(tu)敷(fu)了較厚的(de)(de)(de)乳(ru)膠(jiao)，此外，還(huan)使(shi)(shi)用一種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)加強感光作用的(de)(de)(de)增感屏，增感屏通(tong)(tong)常用鉛箔做成把這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)曝過(guo)光的(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)暗(an)室中經過(guo)顯(xian)影(ying)(ying)、定影(ying)(ying)、水洗(xi)和(he)(he)干(gan)燥，再將干(gan)燥的(de)(de)(de)底片(pian)(pian)(pian)放在(zai)(zai)觀(guan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)燈上觀(guan)察，根據底片(pian)(pian)(pian)上有缺(que)陷(xian)部位與無缺(que)陷(xian)部位的(de)(de)(de)黑度(du)圖象不一樣，就可判斷出(chu)缺(que)陷(xian)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類、數量、大(da)小等(deng)，這(zhe)(zhe)就是射(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)照(zhao)相探傷的(de)(de)(de)原理。

制動螺旋(xuan)應松(song)緊(jin)適當，不可過(guo)松(song)，尤其(qi)不可過(guo)緊(jin)。微(wei)(wei)動時，應盡量保(bao)持(chi)微(wei)(wei)動螺旋(xuan)在微(wei)(wei)動卡中間一(yi)段移動。不可旋(xuan)轉過(guo)度，使(shi)彈簧(huang)完(wan)全壓(ya)縮，或完(wan)全伸展彈出，以保(bao)持(chi)微(wei)(wei)動效用和彈簧(huang)的彈性。

操(cao)作中應避免用手觸及物鏡(jing)，目(mu)鏡(jing)和暴露的度盤。有(you)灰塵時，用軟(ruan)毛刷輕輕撣去(qu)，切不可用手指或手帕等物擦(ca)拭(shi)。觀測結束(shu)時，應及時戴好(hao)物鏡(jing)帽。

檢測(ce)儀器(qi)上有磁針時，除使用時外，應將(jiang)磁針升起(qi)制動，以減少頂針的(de)磨(mo)損。

檢(jian)測儀器應(ying)避免(mian)日曬(shai)、雨淋(lin)，烈日下或有零(ling)星雨點時應(ying)撐(cheng)傘(san)。

超聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)探(tan)(tan)(tan)傷(shang)儀(yi)使用(yong)前(qian)先準備好待測工件，然后將(jiang)探(tan)(tan)(tan)頭電纜(lan)線插(cha)頭插(cha)入(ru)主機(ji)上(shang)(shang)方(fang)的(de)(de)插(cha)座中(zhong)，旋(xuan)緊(jin)插(cha)頭，并在探(tan)(tan)(tan)頭連接(jie)(jie)器(qi)BNC連接(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)符合的(de)(de)探(tan)(tan)(tan)頭。利(li)用(yong)單(dan)探(tan)(tan)(tan)頭方(fang)法(fa)時，兩個連接(jie)(jie)器(qi)插(cha)口同樣實用(yong)(內部并聯連接(jie)(jie))，利(li)用(yong)連接(jie)(jie)雙晶(TR)探(tan)(tan)(tan)頭(一(yi)個晶片發(fa)(fa)射，一(yi)個晶片吸(xi)收)或兩個探(tan)(tan)(tan)頭(一(yi)個發(fa)(fa)射，一(yi)個吸(xi)收)時，要把(ba)發(fa)(fa)射探(tan)(tan)(tan)頭連接(jie)(jie)到左邊的(de)(de)插(cha)口上(shang)(shang)，把(ba)吸(xi)收探(tan)(tan)(tan)頭連接(jie)(jie)到右邊的(de)(de)插(cha)口上(shang)(shang)。連接(jie)(jie)好探(tan)(tan)(tan)傷(shang)儀(yi)后按下鍵，探(tan)(tan)(tan)傷(shang)儀(yi)發(fa)(fa)出短(duan)促的(de)(de)'嘀(di)嘀(di)'聲(sheng)(sheng)后，松(song)開按鍵手(shou)指(zhi)，探(tan)(tan)(tan)傷(shang)儀(yi)主動開機(ji)。