四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)通過(guo)系統(tong)化的(de)(de)(de)處理使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)成(cheng)型，因(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具系統(tong)和(he)刀(dao)具管理是(shi)(shi)(shi)發揮(hui)四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率、保證(zheng)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，所以四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)常見故障和(he)解(jie)決(jue)方法與刀(dao)具有著(zhu)直接的(de)(de)(de)關系。下(xia)(xia)面我(wo)們(men)就(jiu)幾個常見問題做以下(xia)(xia)分析：　　1、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)尺寸(cun)準確，表面光潔(jie)度(du)(du)差(cha)(cha)　　故障原(yuan)因(yin)：刀(dao)具刀(dao)尖受損(sun)(sun)，不(bu)鋒利；車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)共振(zhen)(zhen)，放(fang)置不(bu)平(ping)穩；車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)有爬行現(xian)象(xiang)等。　　解(jie)決(jue)方案：重新磨刀(dao)或(huo)(huo)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)更好的(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)具重新對(dui)刀(dao);車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)共振(zhen)(zhen)或(huo)(huo)放(fang)置不(bu)平(ping)穩，調整(zheng)水平(ping)，打(da)(da)下(xia)(xia)基(ji)礎(chu)，固定(ding)平(ping)穩;機(ji)(ji)(ji)械產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)爬行的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)為拖(tuo)板導軌磨損(sun)(sun)厲(li)害，絲杠滾(gun)珠(zhu)磨損(sun)(sun)或(huo)(huo)松(song)動(dong)(dong)，車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)注意保養(yang)，上(shang)下(xia)(xia)班之后應(ying)清掃鐵絲，并(bing)及(ji)時(shi)加潤滑油，以減(jian)少摩擦;選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)適(shi)合(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)冷卻液，在(zai)能達到其(qi)他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，盡量(liang)選(xuan)(xuan)用較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)速。　　2、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)尺寸(cun)與實際尺寸(cun)相差(cha)(cha)幾毫米，或(huo)(huo)某一軸(zhou)(zhou)向有很大變化　　故障原(yuan)因(yin)：快(kuai)速定(ding)位的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)(du)太(tai)快(kuai)，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)和(he)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)反應(ying)不(bu)過(guo)來；在(zai)長(chang)期摩擦損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)后機(ji)(ji)(ji)械的(de)(de)(de)拖(tuo)板絲桿和(he)軸(zhou)(zhou)承過(guo)緊卡(ka)死；刀(dao)架換刀(dao)后太(tai)松(song)，鎖(suo)不(bu)緊;　　解(jie)決(jue)方案：適(shi)當調整(zheng)速度(du)(du)，切削加減(jian)速度(du)(du)和(he)時(shi)間(jian)使驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)器和(he)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)額(e)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行頻率下(xia)(xia)正常工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作;在(zai)出(chu)現(xian)車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)磨損(sun)(sun)后產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)拖(tuo)板、絲桿鶴軸(zhou)(zhou)承過(guo)緊卡(ka)死，則須重新調整(zheng)修復;刀(dao)架換刀(dao)后太(tai)松(song)則檢(jian)查(cha)刀(dao)架反轉(zhuan)時(shi)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否滿足(zu)，檢(jian)查(cha)刀(dao)架內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)渦(wo)輪蝸桿是(shi)(shi)(shi)否磨損(sun)(sun)，間(jian)隙是(shi)(shi)(shi)否太(tai)大，安裝是(shi)(shi)(shi)否過(guo)松(song)等;如果是(shi)(shi)(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)序原(yuan)因(yin)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，則須修改(gai)(gai)程(cheng)(cheng)序，按照工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)圖紙要(yao)求(qiu)改(gai)(gai)進，選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，按照說明書的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)令要(yao)求(qiu)編(bian)寫正確的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序;若發現(xian)尺寸(cun)偏差(cha)(cha)太(tai)大則檢(jian)查(cha)系統(tong)參數是(shi)(shi)(shi)否設置合(he)(he)理，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)電子齒輪和(he)步距角等參數是(shi)(shi)(shi)否被破壞，出(chu)現(xian)此(ci)現(xian)象(xiang)可(ke)通過(guo)打(da)(da)百分表來測(ce)量(liang)。

四(si)軸數控(kong)機(ji)床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)下列優點：1、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)高(gao)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量穩定(ding)，重復精(jing)度(du)高(gao)，適(shi)應的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)求。2、可(ke)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常規方法(fa)難于(yu)(yu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)復雜型面(mian)，甚至(zhi)能(neng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一些無法(fa)觀測的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)部位(wei)。數控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)缺(que)點是車床設備費用(yong)昂貴，要(yao)求維(wei)修人員具有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)水平。3、大(da)量減(jian)少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)裝數量，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)狀(zhuang)復雜的(de)零件(jian)不需要(yao)復雜的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)裝。如要(yao)改變零件(jian)的(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)和(he)尺寸，只(zhi)需要(yao)修改零件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序，適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)新產(chan)品研制(zhi)和(he)改型。4、多(duo)品種、小(xiao)批量生產(chan)情(qing)況下生產(chan)效率較(jiao)高(gao)，能(neng)減(jian)少(shao)生產(chan)準備、車床調整和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序檢驗的(de)時間，而且由于(yu)(yu)使用(yong)佳(jia)切削(xue)(xue)量而減(jian)少(shao)了切削(xue)(xue)時間。

普(pu)通(tong)車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)啟(qi)動(dong)操(cao)作(1）啟(qi)動(dong)前檢查普(pu)通(tong)車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)各變速手柄是(shi)否(fou)處于空檔位置，離(li)合器(qi)是(shi)否(fou)處于正(zheng)確(que)位置，操(cao)縱(zong)桿是(shi)否(fou)處于停(ting)(ting)(ting)止(zhi)狀態，確(que)認羌(qiang)誤后(hou)，合上(shang)車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)總開關。(2）按(an)下車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)鞍(an)上(shang)的綠色(se)啟(qi)動(dong)按(an)扭，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機啟(qi)動(dong)。(3)間上(shang)提起主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)正(zheng)、反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)操(cao)縱(zong)桿手柄，主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)正(zheng)轉(zhuan);操(cao)縱(zong)桿回(hui)到(dao)中間位置，主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)停(ting)(ting)(ting)止(zhi)轉(zhuan)動(dong);操(cao)縱(zong)桿向卞(bian)壓，主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)。(4）主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)正(zheng)庾轉(zhuan)的轉(zhuan)換(huan)要在主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)停(ting)(ting)(ting)止(zhi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)，避免(mian)因連續轉(zhuan)換(huan)操(cao)作使瞬間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過大而(er)發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)故障。(5）按(an)下車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)鞍(an)上(shang)的紅(hong)色(se)停(ting)(ting)(ting)止(zhi)按(an)鈕(niu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機停(ting)(ting)(ting)止(zhi)工作。

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