分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是一種新型且具(ju)有廣闊發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)前景(jing)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)能(neng)源綜(zong)合利用(yong)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)。它主(zhu)要在(zai)用(yong)戶場(chang)(chang)地(di)附近(jin)建設，遵循因地(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)、清潔、分(fen)(fen)散布(bu)(bu)(bu)局、就(jiu)近(jin)利用(yong)的(de)(de)原則，充(chong)分(fen)(fen)利用(yong)當地(di)太(tai)陽能(neng)資源，實現自發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)自用(yong)、多余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量上網(wang)，并在(zai)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中進(jin)(jin)行平衡調節。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)原理是利用(yong)光(guang)(guang)伏組件將(jiang)太(tai)陽能(neng)轉化(hua)(hua)為直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)，再經逆變(bian)(bian)器轉換(huan)為交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)，終接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)供(gong)(gong)用(yong)戶自用(yong)。光(guang)(guang)伏組件中的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)利用(yong)光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效應(ying)(ying)，將(jiang)太(tai)陽能(neng)直接(jie)轉化(hua)(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。這種發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)僅減(jian)少了輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)損失，屋(wu)頂(ding)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，提高(gao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)穩定性(xing)，還具(ju)有顯著的(de)(de)環保效益，有助于減(jian)少溫室氣體排放，應(ying)(ying)對(dui)氣候變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)。此外(wai)，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)還具(ju)有靈活性(xing)和(he)(he)可(ke)擴(kuo)展(zhan)性(xing)，可(ke)以(yi)根(gen)據用(yong)戶需求靈活部署(shu)，規模(mo)可(ke)大可(ke)小，容(rong)易擴(kuo)展(zhan)。在(zai)經濟(ji)效益方面，用(yong)戶可(ke)以(yi)通過自發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)自用(yong)或(huo)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)獲(huo)得(de)經濟(ji)收益，尤其在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)較高(gao)或(huo)有補貼政(zheng)策的(de)(de)地(di)區。同時(shi)，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)作為傳(chuan)統(tong)能(neng)源的(de)(de)補充(chong)，提高(gao)了能(neng)源供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)多樣性(xing)和(he)(he)安全性(xing)。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場(chang)(chang)景(jing)廣泛，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)城市和(he)(he)農村的(de)(de)建筑屋(wu)頂(ding)、公共設施、農業領(ling)域(yu)(yu)、工(gong)業領(ling)域(yu)(yu)以(yi)及居民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)得(de)到應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。隨著技術的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)進(jin)(jin)步和(he)(he)成本(ben)的(de)(de)降(jiang)低(di)，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)效率(lv)和(he)(he)可(ke)靠性(xing)也在(zai)不(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao)，未(wei)來有望在(zai)更多領(ling)域(yu)(yu)得(de)到應(ying)(ying)用(yong)和(he)(he)推廣。

戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)在(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)場地(di)(di)附近建設的(de)(de)，以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側自(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)自(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、多(duo)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量上網(wang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)運行方(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施。其應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)領(ling)域廣泛，涉及家(jia)庭(ting)、商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等多(duo)個方(fang)面(mian)。在(zai)家(jia)庭(ting)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)面(mian)，戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)通常安裝在(zai)房屋頂部或墻面(mian)上，所發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)供(gong)(gong)家(jia)庭(ting)自(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，多(duo)余的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量則可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)并(bing)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)出售，實(shi)現家(jia)庭(ting)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)給自(zi)(zi)(zi)足(zu)，并(bing)增加家(jia)庭(ting)收入(ru)。在(zai)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)面(mian)，戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同樣展現出巨大的(de)(de)潛力。無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)場、辦公(gong)樓還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)店等商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)場所，都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)屋頂或空地(di)(di)安裝光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)板，為(wei)(wei)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)運營提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)靠的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)(gong)應(ying)，同時(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)低運營成(cheng)本。這種(zhong)“光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)+商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”的(de)(de)模式(shi)不僅提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)了商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設施的(de)(de)環(huan)保形象(xiang)，還(huan)為(wei)(wei)其帶來了實(shi)實(shi)在(zai)在(zai)的(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益。在(zai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)面(mian)，戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同樣發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮著重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。工(gong)廠、制造廠等工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)場所可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系統(tong)(tong)直接(jie)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，減少對傳統(tong)(tong)燃料的(de)(de)依賴，降(jiang)(jiang)低空氣污染和溫室氣體排放。此外(wai)，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系統(tong)(tong)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設備提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)加熱、冷(leng)卻和照(zhao)明等能源(yuan)支持(chi)，提(ti)(ti)高工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產的(de)(de)效(xiao)率和可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)性。綜上所述，戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)多(duo)個領(ling)域都有廣泛的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前景(jing)，它不僅能夠滿足(zu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)能源(yuan)需求，降(jiang)(jiang)低能源(yuan)成(cheng)本，還(huan)能夠促進(jin)環(huan)保和可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。隨著技術的(de)(de)不斷(duan)進(jin)步和成(cheng)本的(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)低，戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)將會越來越廣泛。

光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站EPC是Engineering（工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)）、Procurement（采(cai)購(gou)(gou)）、Ctruction（施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)）一體化的(de)(de)(de)總承(cheng)包(bao)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)此(ci)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)下，總承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)負責(ze)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)從(cong)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)，再到(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，終(zhong)向業主(zhu)交付(fu)一個符合(he)合(he)同約定的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站。這種模式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)顯著。首先(xian)，它(ta)降(jiang)低了(le)業主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)風險，因為項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、采(cai)購(gou)(gou)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)風險被轉移給了(le)總承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)。其(qi)次，EPC模式(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)效率(lv)，總承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)通過(guo)整合(he)各環(huan)節資(zi)源，實現設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、采(cai)購(gou)(gou)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)無縫銜接，從(cong)而加(jia)快了(le)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)度。此(ci)外(wai)，由于EPC模式(shi)(shi)(shi)強調總承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)在(zai)前期就參與(yu)(yu)到(dao)(dao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)，與(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、采(cai)購(gou)(gou)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)部門緊密(mi)合(he)作，可以確(que)保后續施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)科學性(xing)與(yu)(yu)合(he)理(li)性(xing)，進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)提(ti)高(gao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)整體質量。在(zai)實際運(yun)作中(zhong)，EPC總承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)在(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)前期準(zhun)備階(jie)(jie)段會(hui)(hui)組建團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)可行(xing)(xing)性(xing)研究(jiu)、方(fang)案設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作；在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)階(jie)(jie)段，會(hui)(hui)委(wei)托團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)；在(zai)設(she)(she)備采(cai)購(gou)(gou)階(jie)(jie)段，會(hui)(hui)根據設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)案采(cai)購(gou)(gou)所需設(she)(she)備；在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)裝階(jie)(jie)段，會(hui)(hui)組織的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)作；，在(zai)調試運(yun)行(xing)(xing)階(jie)(jie)段，會(hui)(hui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)調試和測(ce)試，確(que)保光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站正常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。總之，光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站EPC模式(shi)(shi)(shi)以其(qi)降(jiang)低風險、提(ti)率(lv)、保障質量等(deng)優(you)勢(shi)，在(zai)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站建設(she)(she)中(zhong)得(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)廣泛應用(yong)。