立(li)式砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)倉(cang)是(shi)20世紀80年代出現的(de)(de)一(yi)種用(yong)于(yu)水砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)充填的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)構筑物，通常(chang)由(you)直徑(jing)8~10m、高(gao)度(du)18~20m的(de)(de)圓柱(zhu)形與(yu)及底部半球體或帶一(yi)定錐角(jiao)的(de)(de)錐體組成。其充填系統呈縱向布(bu)置(zhi)，結構簡單(dan)、占地(di)面積小。立(li)式砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)倉(cang)的(de)(de)充填能力(li)降(jiang)低，采空區(qu)充填站(zhan)，由(you)于(yu)每批(pi)倉(cang)頂(ding)注(泵)入的(de)(de)尾砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)通常(chang)需要(yao)3~4h自然(ran)沉淀澄清，為確保倉(cang)頂(ding)溢流(liu)不(bu)跑混，每次注入時間不(bu)宜過長，故嚴重影響立(li)式砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)倉(cang)倉(cang)底的(de)(de)放砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)能力(li)，西藏充填，據統計，尾沙漿充填站(zhan)，對于(yu)一(yi)座(zuo)1000m3容積的(de)(de)立(li)式砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)倉(cang)，其充填能力(li)僅為250~400m3/d，難以滿足規(gui)模較大的(de)(de)礦山充填要(yao)求。

采空區充填站建設

在采空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)上(shang)方布(bu)置鉆(zhan)孔(kong)，利(li)用鉆(zhan)孔(kong)驗(yan)證(zheng)并進行(xing)(xing)尾砂(sha)膠結充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，采空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)治理(li)工(gong)(gong)藝及處置技(ji)術(shu)，然(ran)后(hou)利(li)用驗(yan)證(zheng)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)進行(xing)(xing)驗(yan)證(zheng)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)效果并進行(xing)(xing)二次充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。工(gong)(gong)作部署(shu)具體方法(fa)根據xx區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地質(zhi)環境現狀，地質(zhi)環境治理(li)恢復總(zong)體方案(an)是：xxxx首行(xing)(xing)對(dui)礦區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)范圍(wei)內進行(xing)(xing)物探(tan)測量，大致查(cha)清空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分布(bu)情況(kuang)，尾礦充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)站(zhan)生產，通過(guo)鉆(zhan)探(tan)驗(yan)證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程查(cha)明空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)深度和空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分布(bu)范圍(wei)，充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)站(zhan)，建設(she)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)系統(tong)，進行(xing)(xing)尾砂(sha)膠結充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)對(dui)采空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)進行(xing)(xing)治理(li)。而xx建設(she)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)系統(tong)進行(xing)(xing)尾砂(sha)膠結充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)采空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。采空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鉆(zhan)探(tan)工(gong)(gong)作、xxxx根據空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分布(bu)，煤礦回填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)雙(shuang)臥軸攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)機(ji)，為了使充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料能夠順(shun)利(li)進入空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)并充(chong)分接。

礦井充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采技術(shu)(shu)(shu)逐(zhu)步成熟。充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采是(shi)隨著(zhu)回采工作面(mian) 的(de)推進，向采空區充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)矸(gan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、粉煤(mei)灰、建(jian)筑垃(la)圾以及充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)材(cai)(cai) 料(liao)的(de)煤(mei)炭開(kai)(kai)(kai)采技術(shu)(shu)(shu)。近(jin)年來，部分礦山企業積極探索(suo)并實施了(le)(le)煤(mei) 矸(gan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)固(gu)體(ti)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)、膏體(ti)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)、高水(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)等(deng)多種充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian) 工藝技術(shu)(shu)(shu)，集成創新了(le)(le)較為(wei)成熟的(de)充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采技術(shu)(shu)(shu)和裝(zhuang)備，提(ti)高了(le)(le) 資源回收率，取得了(le)(le)良好的(de)社(she)會和環境效益，充(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)體(ti)強度對(dui)煤(mei)矸(gan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)粒徑的(de)要求(qiu)，具備了(le)(le)一定的(de)推廣(guang) 應用條件。

1.操作(zuo)(zuo)人員經過操作(zuo)(zuo)教育，熟悉設備的性能及(ji)要求后(hou)方可(ke)上崗操作(zuo)(zuo)。

2.充填(tian)工進(jin)行生產(chan)作業時，按要求穿戴好勞動(dong)保護用品（在鋼制作業時佩帶帽），嚴格識別機器設備上標(biao)志。

3.堅守崗位，嚴格按照(zhao)工藝要求和生產(chan)指令進行全尾砂(sha)(sha)的進砂(sha)(sha)、沉降排水、造(zao)漿、放砂(sha)(sha)等工作。

4.嚴格按充填指令單所規定的灰砂(sha)比進行作業。

5.保持(chi)站(zhan)房、設備(bei)及管道等(deng)清潔(jie)衛(wei)生，做到文明生產。

6.管道和閥門等不得有漏水、失靈(ling)和堵塞現象。

7.填工作中與井下要(yao)保(bao)持聯系，緊(jin)密協作。

8.充(chong)填(tian)過程中(zhong)中(zhong)途(tu)因(yin)事(shi)故(gu)停機時，配合井下施工人員，聽從其指(zhi)令(ling)利用事(shi)故(gu)水沖洗管道。