電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)額定(ding)負載(zai)下(xia)長(chang)期正常(chang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)由(you)制(zhi)造它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)所決(jue)定(ding)。制(zhi)造電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)金屬(shu)(shu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)兩大(da)類。金屬(shu)(shu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)耐高(gao)(gao)溫，而(er)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)長(chang)期在(zai)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和磁(ci)場作用(yong)下(xia)，會逐(zhu)漸失(shi)去原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力學性(xing)能(neng)和絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣性(xing)能(neng)，例如(ru)變(bian)脆、機械強度減弱、穿(chuan)。這(zhe)個(ge)漸變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)就(jiu)是絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)化。干式(shi)鐵芯串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)于低(di)壓無功補償柜中，與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相串聯(lian)，當低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中有(you)大(da)量整流、變(bian)流裝置等(deng)諧波源時(shi)(shi)，其(qi)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)次諧波會嚴重危害主(zhu)變(bian)及(ji)其(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)運行(xing)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相串聯(lian)后，能(neng)有(you)效地吸收(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網諧波，改善(shan)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波形，提高(gao)(gao)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率因數，并能(neng)有(you)效地抑制(zhi)合閘(zha)涌流及(ji)操作過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，有(you)效地保(bao)護了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)額定(ding)負載(zai)下(xia)長(chang)期正常(chang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)由(you)制(zhi)造它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)所決(jue)定(ding)。制(zhi)造電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)金屬(shu)(shu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)兩大(da)類。金屬(shu)(shu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)耐高(gao)(gao)溫，而(er)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)長(chang)期在(zai)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場和磁(ci)場作用(yong)下(xia)，會逐(zhu)漸失(shi)去原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力學性(xing)能(neng)和絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣性(xing)能(neng)，例如(ru)變(bian)脆、機械強度減弱、穿(chuan)。這(zhe)個(ge)漸變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)就(jiu)是絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)化。

平波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回路中(zhong)。整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈波數總是(shi)(shi)有(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整直(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓中(zhong)總是(shi)(shi)有(you)紋波的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)紋波往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)(shi)有(you)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，需要(yao)由平波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)加(jia)以(yi)抑制(zhi)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)站都裝有(you)平波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，使(shi)(shi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)接近于(yu)理(li)想直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶閘(zha)管(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣傳動中(zhong)，平波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也是(shi)(shi)不可少的(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)額定負載下長期正常運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命由制(zhi)造(zao)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)所(suo)決定。制(zhi)造(zao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)有(you)金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)兩大類。金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)耐高溫，而絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)長期在(zai)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)磁場(chang)作用(yong)(yong)下，會逐漸失去原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力學性(xing)能和(he)(he)(he)(he)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能，例如變(bian)(bian)(bian)脆、機械強度減(jian)弱、穿。這個漸變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程就是(shi)(shi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老化。變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)調速用(yong)(yong)輸(shu)(shu)入輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)調速器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)，經常會受到(dao)來自浪(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)浪(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)，會嚴重損壞變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)調速器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能和(he)(he)(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命，所(suo)以(yi)要(yao)在(zai)其(qi)前(qian)面(mian)加(jia)裝輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)抑制(zhi)浪(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)(he)(he)浪(lang)涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，保護變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)調速器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，延(yan)長其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命和(he)(he)(he)(he)防止諧波干擾，

針(zhen) 對 BBC 的(de)(de) CRT 存(cun) 在(zai) 的(de)(de) 諧(xie)(xie) 波(bo) 較 大 的(de)(de) 主(zhu) 要(yao)(yao) 缺點，俄羅斯 G. N. Aleksandrov 在(zai)深入研究后，提出了多控制(zhi)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu) CRT 的(de)(de)基本原(yuan)(yuan)理。 CRT 實(shi)質上相(xiang)當于高短路(lu)阻抗(kang)(kang)(kang)的(de)(de)多繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)變(bian)壓器。 W1 為高壓工作(zuo)(zuo)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)，W21、W22、……、W2n 為低(di)壓控制(zhi)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)，各個(ge)控制(zhi)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)中串接反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)并聯晶(jing)閘(zha)管， 每個(ge) CW 的(de)(de)額定功(gong)率是(shi)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器總額定功(gong)率的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)部分， 主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)要(yao)(yao)求而(er)定。本質上，電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)線(xian)圈(quan)。根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感(gan)(gan)應的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感(gan)(gan)應的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)總是(shi)阻礙原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)磁(ci)(ci)通的(de)(de)變(bian)化。如(ru)果(guo)磁(ci)(ci)通減少(shao)，感(gan)(gan)應電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)與原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)方(fang)向(xiang)一(yi)(yi)致，如(ru)果(guo)磁(ci)(ci)通增(zeng)加，感(gan)(gan)應電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)與原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)方(fang)向(xiang)相(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。根據(ju)這個(ge)原(yuan)(yuan)理，如(ru)果(guo)回路(lu)突然出現瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)大，那么電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)線(xian)圈(quan)產(chan)(chan)生一(yi)(yi)個(ge)阻礙磁(ci)(ci)通變(bian)化的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)，在(zai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)響電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)必然產(chan)(chan)生一(yi)(yi)個(ge)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)抑制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)增(zeng)大，系統電(dian)(dian)壓水(shui)平。電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器在(zai)額定負載下(xia)長期正常運行的(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)，就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器使用(yong)(yong)壽命由制(zhi)造它(ta)的(de)(de)材(cai)料所決定。制(zhi)造電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)器的(de)(de)材(cai)料有(you)金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料和(he)(he)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料兩大類。金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料耐高溫，而(er)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料長期在(zai)較高的(de)(de)溫度、電(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)(chang)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，會(hui)逐漸(jian)失(shi)去原(yuan)(yuan)有(you)的(de)(de)力學(xue)性能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)，例(li)如(ru)變(bian)脆、機械(xie)強(qiang)度減弱、穿。這個(ge)漸(jian)變(bian)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)就是(shi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)(de)老(lao)化。