光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)材料(liao)：背(bei)板材料(liao)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)背(bei)板材料(liao)根(gen)據太陽能電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)使(shi)用要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)不同，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)有多種選擇(ze)。一(yi)般有鋼(gang)化玻璃、有機玻璃、鋁合金、TPT復合膠膜(mo)(mo)等幾(ji)種。光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)必須(xu)有框(kuang)架(jia)，薄膜(mo)(mo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)保護組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、方便組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)連接和固定。光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)框(kuang)架(jia)的(de)主要(yao)材料(liao)有不銹鋼(gang)、鋁合金、橡膠及增強塑(su)料(liao)等。常規光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)框(kuang)架(jia)一(yi)般是鋁材料(liao)制作的(de)。超白布(bu)紋鋼(gang)化玻璃，厚度3.2mm，在太陽電(dian)(dian)池光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)響應(ying)的(de)波長范圍內(320-1100nm)透(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率達(da)91%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廠家(jia)，耐紫外光(guang)(guang)(guang)線的(de)輻射，聊城光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，透(tou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)率不下降。鋼(gang)化玻璃作成(cheng)的(de)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)承受直徑(jing)25毫米的(de)冰球以(yi)(yi)(yi)23米/秒的(de)速(su)度撞擊。

太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用是將(jiang)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，或送(song)往蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)存儲起來(lai)，或推動負載(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。對正(zheng)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，由(you)于在PN結(jie)區(qu)域的(de)正(zheng)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷被分(fen)離，因(yin)而可以產(chan)生(sheng)一個外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流場，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流從(cong)晶體硅片電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)底端經過負載(zai)流至電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)頂端。 這就(jiu)是 “光(guang)生(sheng)伏打效應”。多晶硅太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用壽命也要比(bi)單(dan)晶硅太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短。從(cong)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)價(jia)格比(bi)來(lai)講，單(dan)晶硅太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池還(huan)略好。太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板的(de)輸出功率應為555Wh/6h/70%=130W。其中(zhong)70%是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，光(guang)伏組(zu)件(jian)工(gong)(gong)藝，太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板的(de)實際使(shi)用功率。

用(yong)(yong)戶太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)源：（1）小(xiao)型電(dian)源10-100W不(bu)等(deng)(deng)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)邊遠無電(dian)地區如高(gao)原、海(hai)島、牧區、邊防哨所(suo)等(deng)(deng)軍民生活用(yong)(yong)電(dian)，如照(zhao)明、電(dian)視、收(shou)錄機(ji)等(deng)(deng)；（2）3-5KW家庭屋頂(ding)并網發電(dian)系統；（3）光伏水(shui)泵(beng)：解決無電(dian)地區的(de)(de)深(shen)水(shui)井飲用(yong)(yong)、灌(guan)溉。光伏組(zu)件(jian)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要原材料(liao)：光伏玻璃(li)(li)。電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)件(jian)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)面板玻璃(li)(li)是(shi)低鐵超白絨面鋼(gang)化(hua)玻璃(li)(li)。一般厚度為3．2mm和4mm，建材型太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)件(jian)有(you)時要用(yong)(yong)到(dao)5~10mm厚度的(de)(de)鋼(gang)化(hua)玻璃(li)(li)，但無論厚薄(bo)都要求透光率在(zai)90％以上。多元化(hua)合物(wu)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)池(chi)指不(bu)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)單一元素半導體材料(liao)制成的(de)(de)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)池(chi)。各國研究(jiu)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)繁多，大多數尚未工業化(hua)生產，主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)以下(xia)幾種(zhong)：太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)，太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)，銅銦硒太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(新型多元帶隙梯(ti)度Cu(In， Ga)Se2薄(bo)膜太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)。