一、普通螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)得過(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)或過(guo)低(di)過(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，則(ze)吃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)到(dao)一定深度(du)(du)時(shi)，車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)后(hou)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)面頂住工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，增(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)摩擦力(li)，甚至把工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)頂彎，造(zao)成啃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)現(xian)(xian)象；過(guo)低(di)，則(ze)切(qie)屑不易排出(chu)(chu)，車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)向力(li)的(de)方向是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中心(xin)，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)橫進(jin)(jin)(jin)絲杠與(yu)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)母間隙過(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，致使(shi)(shi)吃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)深度(du)(du)不斷自動(dong)趨向加(jia)(jia)深，從而(er)把工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)抬起，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)啃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。此(ci)時(shi)，應(ying)及時(shi)調整車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)，使(shi)(shi)其刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)尖(jian)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)軸(zhou)線等(deng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)（可(ke)(ke)利用(yong)尾座(zuo)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)）。在粗(cu)車(che)和(he)半精車(che)時(shi)，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)尖(jian)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)比工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)出(chu)(chu)中心(xin)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)1％D左右(you)（D表示(shi)被(bei)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)）。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)夾不牢工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)身的(de)剛性不能承(cheng)受車(che)削時(shi)的(de)切(qie)削力(li)，因而(er)產生過(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)撓度(du)(du)，改變了車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)中心(xin)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)（工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)被(bei)抬高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)了），形成切(qie)削深度(du)(du)突增(zeng)，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)啃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，此(ci)時(shi)應(ying)把工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)夾牢固(gu)，可(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)尾座(zuo)等(deng)，以增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)剛性。普通螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋的(de)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)方法(fa)有試切(qie)法(fa)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀自動(dong)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，可(ke)(ke)以直(zhi)接(jie)用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具試切(qie)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，也可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)G50設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)零(ling)點，用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)移設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)零(ling)點進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)要求不是(shi)(shi)很高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)Z向對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)沒有嚴格的(de)限制，可(ke)(ke)以根(gen)(gen)據編程加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要求而(er)定。二、普通螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋的(de)尺寸分析1、螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)考慮螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)牙(ya)型的(de)膨脹(zhang)量(liang)(liang)，螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)D／D－0.1P，即螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋大(da)(da)(da)(da)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)減0.1螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)距，一般根(gen)(gen)據材料變形能力(li)小取比螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋大(da)(da)(da)(da)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小0.1到(dao)0.5。2、螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)(liang)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋加(jia)(jia)進(jin)(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)(ke)以參考螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋底徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，即螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)終進(jin)(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋小徑(jing)(jing)(jing)為：大(da)(da)(da)(da)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)－2倍牙(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；牙(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)＝0.54P（P為螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)距）螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)(liang)應(ying)不斷減少，具體進(jin)(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)(liang)根(gen)(gen)據刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作材料進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)選擇。

機(ji)械(xie)(xie)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件通(tong)過(guo)系統化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件成(cheng)型，因(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)系統和(he)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)管(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)揮機(ji)械(xie)(xie)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率(lv)、保證加工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)見(jian)故障和(he)解決(jue)方法與(yu)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)有(you)著直(zhi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。下面我們就幾(ji)個常(chang)(chang)見(jian)問題做以(yi)(yi)下分(fen)析：　　1、工(gong)(gong)(gong)件尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)準(zhun)確，表面光潔度(du)(du)(du)差　　故障原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)：刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)尖受損(sun)(sun)(sun)，不(bu)鋒利；車(che)(che)床(chuang)產(chan)生共(gong)振(zhen)，放置不(bu)平(ping)(ping)穩；車(che)(che)床(chuang)有(you)爬行(xing)現象(xiang)等(deng)。　　解決(jue)方案：重(zhong)新(xin)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)(huo)選(xuan)擇(ze)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)重(zhong)新(xin)對刀(dao)(dao)(dao);車(che)(che)床(chuang)產(chan)生共(gong)振(zhen)或(huo)(huo)放置不(bu)平(ping)(ping)穩，調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)水平(ping)(ping)，打(da)下基(ji)礎，固(gu)定(ding)平(ping)(ping)穩;機(ji)械(xie)(xie)產(chan)生爬行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)為拖(tuo)(tuo)板導(dao)軌磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)厲害(hai)，絲杠滾珠磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)或(huo)(huo)松(song)動(dong)，車(che)(che)床(chuang)應注(zhu)意(yi)保養(yang)，上下班之后(hou)應清(qing)掃(sao)鐵絲，并及(ji)時加潤(run)滑(hua)油，以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少摩擦(ca)(ca);選(xuan)擇(ze)適合工(gong)(gong)(gong)件加工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻液(ye)，在能(neng)達(da)到(dao)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，盡量(liang)選(xuan)用較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)軸轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)。　　2、工(gong)(gong)(gong)件尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)與(yu)實際尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)相差幾(ji)毫米，或(huo)(huo)某一軸向(xiang)有(you)很大變化(hua)　　故障原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)：快(kuai)速(su)(su)定(ding)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)快(kuai)，驅動(dong)和(he)電(dian)機(ji)反(fan)應不(bu)過(guo)來(lai)(lai)；在長期摩擦(ca)(ca)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)后(hou)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拖(tuo)(tuo)板絲桿和(he)軸承過(guo)緊卡(ka)死；刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架換刀(dao)(dao)(dao)后(hou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)松(song)，鎖不(bu)緊;　　解決(jue)方案：適當調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)，切削(xue)加減(jian)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)時間使(shi)驅動(dong)器和(he)電(dian)機(ji)在額定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)頻率(lv)下正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作;在出(chu)現車(che)(che)床(chuang)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)后(hou)產(chan)生拖(tuo)(tuo)板、絲桿鶴軸承過(guo)緊卡(ka)死，則(ze)須重(zhong)新(xin)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)修復;刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架換刀(dao)(dao)(dao)后(hou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)松(song)則(ze)檢(jian)查刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架反(fan)轉(zhuan)時間是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)滿(man)足，檢(jian)查刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)渦(wo)輪蝸桿是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)，間隙(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)大，安裝(zhuang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)過(guo)松(song)等(deng);如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，則(ze)須修改程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)，按照工(gong)(gong)(gong)件圖紙要求(qiu)改進，選(xuan)擇(ze)合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，按照說明(ming)書的(de)(de)(de)(de)指令(ling)要求(qiu)編寫正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu);若發(fa)現尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)偏(pian)差太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)大則(ze)檢(jian)查系統參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)設置合理(li)(li)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)子齒輪和(he)步距角等(deng)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)被破壞(huai)，出(chu)現此(ci)現象(xiang)可通(tong)過(guo)打(da)百分(fen)表來(lai)(lai)測(ce)量(liang)。

在機(ji)械數控機(ji)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對象復(fu)雜(za)，特別是一些輪(lun)廓曲線形(xing)狀(zhuang)以(yi)(yi)及位置有(you)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)，再加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)材料(liao)、批量(liang)的(de)不同增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)了加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難(nan)度。所以(yi)(yi)在對具體零(ling)件制定加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序時(shi)，應該行(xing)(xing)具體分(fen)析和區別對待，靈活處理。這(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)保證加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序的(de)和理性(xing)。從而(er)提(ti)高生產效(xiao)率(lv)，收(shou)獲到高質量(liang)的(de)產品。在編(bian)程時(shi)要(yao)(yao)充分(fen)考慮兩(liang)個層面的(de)問(wen)題，一是加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序，二是參數，如轉速，進給量(liang)，切削深度。　　加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序一般為：先(xian)鉆孔，后(hou)平端。這(zhe)樣可以(yi)(yi)防止鉆孔時(shi)縮料(liao)；先(xian)粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，后(hou)細加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；先(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公差大的(de)然后(hou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公差小的(de)。　　順(shun)(shun)序一般應按下(xia)列原則進行(xing)(xing)：　　1、上(shang)(shang)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不能(neng)(neng)影響下(xia)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)定位與夾緊，中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)穿插(cha)有(you)通用車床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)也要(yao)(yao)綜合考慮。　　2、行(xing)(xing)內(nei)(nei)形(xing)內(nei)(nei)腔(qiang)(qiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，后(hou)進行(xing)(xing)外形(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序。　　3、在同一次(ci)(ci)安(an)裝中(zhong)(zhong)進行(xing)(xing)的(de)多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，應先(xian)安(an)排對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件剛(gang)性(xing)破壞小的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序。　　4、以(yi)(yi)相同定位、夾緊方式或同一把(ba)刀(dao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序應先(xian)連接進行(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少(shao)重(zhong)復(fu)定位次(ci)(ci)數，換刀(dao)次(ci)(ci)數與挪動(dong)壓板(ban)次(ci)(ci)數。　　5、內(nei)(nei)叉對既有(you)內(nei)(nei)表面（內(nei)(nei)型腔(qiang)(qiang)），又有(you)外表面需加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)零(ling)件，安(an)排加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序時(shi)，應行(xing)(xing)內(nei)(nei)外表面粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，后(hou)進行(xing)(xing)內(nei)(nei)外表面精加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)

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