礦(kuang)山充填站(zhan)對尾(wei)礦(kuang)進行充填是考(kao)慮到(dao)，由于較多(duo)選(xuan)(xuan)廠(chang)采用(yong)浮選(xuan)(xuan)工藝，尾(wei)礦(kuang)水中會(hui)帶入少(shao)量黃藥和2#油等選(xuan)(xuan)礦(kuang)藥劑，若立即(ji)直(zhi)接排放會(hui)對周圍(wei)環境造成影響。尾(wei)礦(kuang)庫存水容積(ji)較大(da)，礦(kuang)漿進入尾(wei)礦(kuang)庫后(hou)，一(yi)般都能在庫內沉淀2-3天以上(shang)。

  根據(ju)類(lei)似礦(kuang)山經驗，經過(guo)這么長的(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)氧化作(zuo)用(yong)，捕收劑(ji)能自然(ran)降(jiang)解，濃度可達到國家(jia)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)質排放標準。況且選礦(kuang)廠的(de)(de)(de)尾礦(kuang)基(ji)本充分(fen)利(li)(li)用(yong)起來。濃縮機的(de)(de)(de)溢流(liu)水(shui)返回到清水(shui)池(chi)做回水(shui)利(li)(li)用(yong)，減少了對周邊的(de)(de)(de)污染，做到了對環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)保護。

礦井充(chong)填(tian)站常用填(tian)充(chong)技術

 1、膠(jiao)結充填(tian)(tian)法：以(yi)碎石、河(he)沙(sha)、尾(wei)砂、戈壁集料為(wei)骨料，與水泥等(deng)膠(jiao)凝材料拌(ban)合成膏體或漿(jiang)體用管道(dao)泵送(song)(song)，廣東(dong)充填(tian)(tian)，或重力(li)自流的方法，輸送(song)(song)到(dao)填(tian)(tian)充區。

  2、膏(gao)體充填：以水泥(ni)做膠結(jie)材(cai)料(liao)的細尾(wei)砂作膠結(jie)材(cai)料(liao)進(jin)行充填，攪(jiao)拌好濃度(du)達到76-82%進(jin)行管(guan)道輸送(song)。做到不離析、泌水少(shao)、強度(du)高、一般采用泵送(song)法將漿體送(song)到采空區。

  3、干式充(chong)填(tian)：一種用礦車(che)、風力和機械將廢石干充(chong)填(tian)料送到采空區(qu)，在采空區(qu)加水進(jin)行充(chong)填(tian)。

  4、水砂充填(tian)：借(jie)助于(yu)水力通過(guo)自流式泵壓(ya)的方法將(jiang)河沙、尾砂充入(ru)采空區。

  5、新型膠固材(cai)料(liao)(liao)填(tian)充：以工業廢渣為(wei)原料(liao)(liao)的礦山(shan)充填(tian)膠固料(liao)(liao)。它(ta)與(yu)水(shui)泥(ni)比有突出的特(te)點，對細粒(li)部分(fen)寬(kuan)容性大(da)，在低于65%的濃度時，漿料(liao)(liao)也能做到不離析、不分(fen)層(ceng)、泌水(shui)量小、固化時間短，同樣強度用量是水(shui)泥(ni)的1/2.

礦(kuang)井充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)逐步(bu)成(cheng)熟。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)是隨著(zhu)回采(cai)(cai)工作面 的(de)(de)推進(jin)，向(xiang)采(cai)(cai)空區(qu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)矸(gan)石、粉煤灰、建筑(zhu)垃圾以及充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)材 料(liao)的(de)(de)煤炭開(kai)采(cai)(cai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。近年來，部分礦(kuang)山(shan)企業(ye)積極探索并實施(shi)了(le)煤 矸(gan)石等固體材料(liao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)、膏體材料(liao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)、高水(shui)材料(liao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)等多種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian) 工藝技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，集成(cheng)創新了(le)較為成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)裝備，提高了(le) 資源(yuan)回收(shou)率(lv)，取得了(le)良好的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)和(he)環境效益(yi)，具備了(le)一定的(de)(de)推廣 應用條件。

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)屬(shu)人工支。在礦(kuang)房(fang)或(huo)礦(kuang)塊中，隨著回采工作(zuo)面的推(tui)進(jin)，向(xiang)采空區(qu)送入充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料，以進(jin)行地壓管理、控制(zhi)圍巖崩落和地表移動(dong)，并在形成的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)體上或(huo)在其保(bao)護下進(jin)行回采。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)適應性強，矸石回填(tian)(tian)(tian)破碎(sui)系統，礦(kuang)石回采率高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)站，貧化率低(di)，礦(kuang)砂充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)，作(zuo)業較安全，能利用(yong)工業廢料，保(bao)護地表等。根據(ju)所(suo)用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)材(cai)料和輸送方(fang)式(shi)不同，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)干式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、水力充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、膠結充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。根據(ju)采場結構(gou)，回采方(fang)向(xiang)和回采工藝可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)：又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)上向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)層充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、下向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)層充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、壁式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、削壁充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和方(fang)框支架充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。

礦井(jing)充(chong)填站(zhan)的(de)作業流程介(jie)紹

  1、礦井充填站全(quan)(quan)尾(wei)砂(sha)(sha)沉降造(zao)(zao)漿放砂(sha)(sha)： 選廠全(quan)(quan)尾(wei)砂(sha)(sha)經(jing)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)泵加壓(ya)后(hou)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)至充填站立(li)式砂(sha)(sha)倉中(zhong)自然(ran)沉降，充填前排除全(quan)(quan)尾(wei)砂(sha)(sha)料(liao)面上(shang)的澄清水，然(ran)后(hou)采用壓(ya)氣造(zao)(zao)漿。砂(sha)(sha)倉中(zhong)全(quan)(quan)尾(wei)砂(sha)(sha)造(zao)(zao)漿均(jun)勻后(hou)，煤(mei)矸(gan)石(shi)破碎泵送(song)充填，再(zai)由放砂(sha)(sha)管向攪(jiao)拌機供(gong)給全(quan)(quan)尾(wei)砂(sha)(sha)漿。

  2、水泥(ni)供(gong)料(liao)線： 散裝(zhuang)水泥(ni)運至(zhi)充填站后(hou)卸入散裝(zhuang)水泥(ni)倉，水泥(ni)經管螺(luo)旋給料(liao)及電子秤計量后(hou)向攪拌機供(gong)料(liao)。

  3、充(chong)填(tian)料制備與輸送： 攪(jiao)(jiao)拌機選用雙臥軸攪(jiao)(jiao)拌機+高速活化攪(jiao)(jiao)拌機兩段連續攪(jiao)(jiao)拌。

礦山充(chong)填(tian)站系(xi)統包括：一組(zu)尾砂倉(cang)，煤矸石破碎充(chong)填(tian)，所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)尾砂倉(cang)通(tong)過(guo)管道連(lian)(lian)通(tong)攪拌(ban)(ban)桶(tong)，所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)攪拌(ban)(ban)桶(tong)通(tong)過(guo)螺旋(xuan)給料機(ji)(ji)連(lian)(lian)通(tong)粉煤灰倉(cang)，所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)攪拌(ban)(ban)桶(tong)還通(tong)過(guo)管道連(lian)(lian)通(tong)砂石倉(cang)、水泥倉(cang)、高位(wei)水池和(he)待充(chong)空區；所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)砂石倉(cang)的(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)斗下(xia)方連(lian)(lian)接圓盤(pan)給料機(ji)(ji)，所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)圓盤(pan)給料機(ji)(ji)通(tong)過(guo)核(he)子秤輸(shu)送給所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)攪拌(ban)(ban)桶(tong)，所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)子秤連(lian)(lian)接中(zhong)央(yang)控制系(xi)統。