焊(han)接熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)屬加(jia)工(gong)過程中(zhong)起(qi)著(zhu)至關重要(yao)(yao)的作(zuo)用(yong)，其(qi)主要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)可(ke)(ke)以歸納如(ru)下(xia)：1.**改善組織與(yu)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)**：通過加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)處(chu)理(li)(li)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)焊(han)縫和(he)(he)熱(re)(re)(re)影響區的組織得到(dao)優化(hua)(hua)。對于(yu)(yu)淬硬傾向大(da)的鋼材來說(shuo)，焊(han)后(hou)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)夠軟化(hua)(hua)這(zhe)些區域的組織結構、降低(di)硬度(du)(du)并提(ti)高(gao)(gao)沖(chong)擊韌性(xing)及蠕變極限等力學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)指標(biao)。同時減(jian)少(shao)因(yin)不均勻(yun)冷卻而產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的殘余應力集中(zhong)現(xian)象從(cong)而提(ti)高(gao)(gao)結構的整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)強度(du)(du)和(he)(he)穩定(ding)性(xing)。2.**消(xiao)(xiao)除(chu)(chu)殘余應力與(yu)防止裂紋(wen)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)**：由(you)于(yu)(yu)焊(han)接過程中(zhong)的局部高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)和(he)(he)不均勻(yun)冷卻會(hui)導(dao)致材料內(nei)部產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較大(da)的內(nei)部拉伸(shen)或壓(ya)縮的殘留應力如(ru)果這(zhe)種應力超過材料的屈服強度(du)(du)則可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)導(dao)致構件(jian)變形甚至開(kai)裂因(yin)此(ci)必須進(jin)行適(shi)當的熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)以松弛這(zhe)些有害的內(nei)應力從(cong)而避免延遲裂紋(wen)的產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)并提(ti)高(gao)(gao)工(gong)件(jian)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命和(he)(he)安全性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。特(te)別是當溫(wen)度(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)范圍內(nei)時(通常為500﹨~650℃)，鋁合(he)金(jin)(jin)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)加(jia)工(gong)，可(ke)(ke)以有效消(xiao)(xiao)除(chu)(chu)大(da)部分(fen)由(you)于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化(hua)(hua)而引起(qi)的機械應力問題(ti)且(qie)不會(hui)顯著(zhu)損害原始材料的機械特(te)性(xing)3.**提(ti)升(sheng)抗(kang)腐蝕(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)力**:對于(yu)(yu)某類特(te)殊(shu)材質(zhi)比如(ru)奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)不銹鋼而言，由(you)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)的晶體(ti)(ti)結構和(he)(he)化(hua)(hua)學性(xing)質(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)得其(qi)在(zai)(zai)特(te)定(ding)環境下(xia)容易發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電化(hua)(hua)學腐蝕(shi)(shi)而通過適(shi)當溫(wen)度(du)(du)的退火處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)不僅能(neng)(neng)有效去除(chu)(chu)部分(fen)表面氧化(hua)(hua)層還(huan)能(neng)(neng)促進(jin)合(he)金(jin)(jin)元素重新分(fen)布形成(cheng)更為致密的保(bao)(bao)護膜從(cong)而提(ti)升(sheng)整(zheng)(zheng)個部件(jian)的抗(kang)腐蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing)；此(ci)外還(huan)有助于(yu)(yu)進(jin)一步釋放材料中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)含(han)有的有害氣體(ti)(ti)尤其(qi)是氫氣以防止由(you)此(ci)引發的氫脆等問題(ti)

熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理鋼(gang)帶(dai)在(zai)多(duo)個領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)展現(xian)出(chu)其(qi)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)應用價值，合(he)金(jin)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理廠，具(ju)體表(biao)現(xian)在(zai)以下幾個方面：###一、提升材料性(xing)(xing)能與品(pin)質通過熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理工藝對特(te)定鋼(gang)材進行(xing)(xing)加工處(chu)(chu)(chu)理后的(de)(de)熱(re)軋或(huo)冷軋鋼(gang)板(ban)（即“鋼(gang)帶(dai)”），天(tian)津合(he)金(jin)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理，能夠(gou)顯著提升材料的(de)(de)力學性(xing)(xing)能。如增強(qiang)硬度(du)和(he)(he)強(qiang)度(du)、改善(shan)韌性(xing)(xing)及耐磨性(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)特(te)性(xing)(xing)；同時減(jian)少內部(bu)(bu)(bu)缺陷(xian)和(he)(he)提高(gao)表(biao)面質量，使產品(pin)更加符(fu)合(he)高(gao)標(biao)準要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。這(zhe)種處(chu)(chu)(chu)理方式特(te)別適用于(yu)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)承受高(gao)負荷和(he)(he)高(gao)磨損(sun)環境的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)制(zhi)造中(zhong)(zhong)。例如航(hang)空航(hang)天(tian)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)飛(fei)機零部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)、化工行(xing)(xing)業的(de)(de)反應釜以及海洋(yang)工程設備等(deng)(deng)(deng)都可(ke)能采用經過熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理的(de)(de)剛(gang)(gang)帶(dai)來確保其(qi)長久穩定運行(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)由于(yu)經過熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理后的(de)(de)剛(gang)(gang)具(ju)備良好綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)(xing)能和(he)(he)較高(gao)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)特(te)點因此被廣(guang)泛應用于(yu)冶金(jin)機械汽車等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)個行(xing)(xing)業之中(zhong)(zhong)比如汽車行(xing)(xing)業中(zhong)(zhong)用于(yu)發(fa)動機缸體傳(chuan)動軸等(deng)(deng)(deng)關鍵零部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)制(zhi)造；機械領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)則(ze)用于(yu)生(sheng)產高(gao)精度(du)齒輪(lun)軸承等(deng)(deng)(deng)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)組(zu)件(jian)而在(zai)航(hang)空航(hang)天(tian)這(zhe)樣(yang)對材料要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)極為苛刻(ke)的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)也占(zhan)有一席之地可(ke)見其(qi)在(zai)現(xian)代工業體系中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)不(bu)言(yan)而喻

金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)材料(liao)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)是一(yi)種重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)過程，它通(tong)過加熱(re)(re)、保溫和冷卻等步(bu)(bu)驟改變金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)材料(liao)的(de)(de)內(nei)部結構(gou)和性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。這(zhe)一(yi)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)處廣泛(fan)且(qie)深遠：1.**提(ti)升力(li)(li)(li)學性(xing)(xing)能(neng)**：熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)能(neng)夠(gou)顯著提(ti)高(gao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)材料(liao)的(de)(de)硬度(du)、強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)和韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)，合金(jin)(jin)(jin)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)，使其(qi)(qi)更適用(yong)(yong)于高(gao)負荷(he)工(gong)(gong)作環(huan)境下的(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)造，如(ru)汽(qi)車發動機部件(jian)(jian)或航(hang)空航(hang)天結構(gou)件(jian)(jian)。例如(ru)，淬火(huo)(huo)與回火(huo)(huo)結合能(neng)使鋼材既具備(bei)高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)又(you)保持一(yi)定(ding)塑性(xing)(xing)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)。2.**改善耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)**：特(te)定(ding)類型的(de)(de)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)可以(yi)(yi)增強(qiang)(qiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)耐腐蝕(shi)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，這(zhe)對于在(zai)(zai)惡劣環(huan)境中使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)設備(bei)尤(you)為(wei)關鍵，比如(ru)海洋設備(bei)和化(hua)工(gong)(gong)容器常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)不銹鋼進行(xing)固溶化(hua)處理(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)其(qi)(qi)抗腐蝕(shi)特(te)性(xing)(xing)。3.**消除內(nei)應力(li)(li)(li)及(ji)殘余應力(li)(li)(li)**:在(zai)(zai)加工(gong)(gong)過程中，金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)會因變形等原因產生內(nei)在(zai)(zai)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)即“內(nei)應力(li)(li)(li)”。通(tong)過退火(huo)(huo)或其(qi)(qi)他形式的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)技術(shu)可以(yi)(yi)釋放(fang)這(zhe)些壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)，提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)尺寸穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)和使用(yong)(yong)壽命。4.**優化(hua)切(qie)削加工(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)**:一(yi)些初步(bu)(bu)成型的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)需要(yao)通(tong)過進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)切(qie)削、銑割等操作來達到終的(de)(de)設計要(yao)求(qiu)，而(er)適當的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)可以(yi)(yi)降低材料(liao)硬度(du)提(ti)高(gao)塑性(xing)(xing)和可切(qie)屑(xie)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)進而(er)減少工(gong)(gong)具磨損和提(ti)高(gao)生產效率