電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸的工作原理和(he)普通(tong)的異步電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的工作原理一致，改(gai)變(bian)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)定子繞組的電(dian)(dian)流頻(pin)率和(he)勵磁電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)獲得各種轉速。在加速和(he)制動(dong)過程中，通(tong)過改(gai)變(bian)頻(pin)率進行加/減速，以(yi)免(mian)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)溫(wen)升過高(gao)。由于電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)旋轉磁場的方(fang)向取決于輸入(ru)定子三相(xiang)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)的相(xiang)序，車(che)(che)床電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸價格，故改(gai)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)流的相(xiang)序，車(che)(che)床電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸批(pi)發，便可改(gai)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸的旋轉方(fang)向。

操作員(yuan)在(zai)每(mei)天工(gong)作完后要(yao)使用吸塵器清理電(dian)主軸的轉子(zi)端(duan)(duan)和電(dian)機(ji)接(jie)線(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)上的廢(fei)屑(xie)，是為了(le)防(fang)止廢(fei)屑(xie)在(zai)轉子(zi)端(duan)(duan)和接(jie)線(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)上堆積，從而(er)避免了(le)廢(fei)屑(xie)進(jin)入軸承，加速(su)了(le)高速(su)軸承的磨損；我(wo)們還要(yao)避免廢(fei)屑(xie)進(jin)入接(jie)線(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)，車床電(dian)主軸生產廠家(jia)，造成電(dian)機(ji)短路(lu)燒毀。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸具有結(jie)構緊湊(cou)、重(zhong)量輕、慣性(xing)小、噪聲(sheng)低、響應(ying)(ying)快等優點，而且轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)高、功率大，簡化機床(chuang)(chuang)設(she)計，易于實(shi)現(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸定位，是高速(su)(su)主(zhu)(zhu)軸單元(yuan)中的一(yi)種理想(xiang)結(jie)構。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸軸承(cheng)(cheng)采用(yong)(yong)高速(su)(su)軸承(cheng)(cheng)技術，耐(nai)磨(mo)耐(nai)熱，壽命是傳(chuan)統軸承(cheng)(cheng)的幾倍。電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機均采用(yong)(yong)交流(liu)異步感(gan)應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機，由于是用(yong)(yong)在高速(su)(su)加工機床(chuang)(chuang)上，啟(qi)動(dong)時要從靜止迅速(su)(su)升(sheng)速(su)(su)至(zhi)每分鐘數萬轉(zhuan)乃至(zhi)數十(shi)萬轉(zhuan)，啟(qi)動(dong)轉(zhuan)矩大，浙江車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸，因而啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)要超出普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)機額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)5~7倍。

電主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)具有體積小可與不同(tong)的(de)皮帶(dai)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)外徑相同(tong)、轉矩密度(du)高、低速(su)(su)大扭矩輸出(chu)轉子發熱小等優(you)勢。工(gong)件表面(mian)光潔度(du)大大提高。電機(ji)具有上佳的(de)轉速(su)(su)硬特性，在(zai)負載波(bo)動情況下具有較高的(de)轉速(su)(su)穩定性，使工(gong)件表面(mian)光潔度(du)得以明顯提高。電主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)是近幾年(nian)在(zai)數控機(ji)床領(ling)域(yu)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)將機(ji)床主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)與主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)電機(ji)融為一(yi)體的(de)新技術。高速(su)(su)數控機(ji)床主(zhu)(zhu)傳動系統取(qu)消了帶(dai)輪傳動和齒輪傳動。