光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)分為獨立光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)、并網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)及(ji)分布式光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)。1獨立光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)也叫離網(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要由太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件、控制器(qi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組成，若(ruo)要為交(jiao)(jiao)流負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，還需(xu)要配置(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)流逆(ni)變器(qi)。獨立光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站包(bao)括邊遠地區(qu)的村莊供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)，太(tai)陽能戶(hu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)，通信信號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、陰極保護(hu)、太(tai)陽能路燈(deng)等(deng)各種帶有蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的可以獨立運行的光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)。

太陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)板(ban)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)收集(ji)(ji)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)，幾塊連在(zai)一(yi)起的(de)光伏(fu)板(ban)就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)組成一(yi)個線路(lu)，太陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)板(ban)發出的(de)電(dian)一(yi)般都是(shi)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)。匯流(liu)(liu)箱(xiang)，匯流(liu)(liu)箱(xiang)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)把在(zai)它附近的(de)幾路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)線路(lu)聚(ju)集(ji)(ji)到一(yi)起，隨(sui)后統一(yi)成一(yi)路(lu)向上級傳(chuan)送。逆變(bian)器，在(zai)匯流(liu)(liu)箱(xiang)匯總之后的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)直接就(jiu)會(hui)輸送到逆變(bian)器的(de)，因為在(zai)這(zhe)個時(shi)候電(dian)流(liu)(liu)會(hui)很大，所以(yi)我們選擇逆變(bian)器的(de)時(shi)候必須(xu)要把功(gong)率(lv)算(suan)好。當直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)通過逆變(bian)器的(de)逆變(bian)作用，就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)夠讓直流(liu)(liu)變(bian)成了低壓的(de)交流(liu)(liu)了。

受目(mu)前電(dian)(dian)力管理體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)約，分布式光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)很難(nan)得到規模(mo)化應(ying)用。要促(cu)進分布式光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，就要改(gai)革現行電(dian)(dian)力管理體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)，實現輸電(dian)(dian)和供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的分離，開(kai)放(fang)用戶端(duan)電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場，光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)網企業變為(wei)提(ti)供(gong)輸電(dian)(dian)服務的專門公司，以輸送的電(dian)(dian)量多少(shao)作(zuo)為(wei)盈利(li)的基礎，建立公開(kai)透明、競(jing)爭有序(xu)的電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)提(ti)高能源(yuan)利(li)用效率、促(cu)進新能源(yuan)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)重要的體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)保障。