冷(leng)(leng)凍(dong)機(ji)油是(shi)一種工(gong)業光(guang)潔油，是(shi)運用液(ye)(ye)體壓(ya)(ya)力能(neng)的(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)體系(xi)應用的(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)物(wu)質(zhi)，在液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)體系(xi)中起著動能(neng)傳送(song)、抗磨損(sun)、體系(xi)光(guang)潔、防(fang)腐(fu)蝕、防(fang)銹處理(li)、制冷(leng)(leng)等實際效(xiao)果(guo)。工(gong)業液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油的(de)粘(zhan)度(du)過(guo)高(gao)，會使泵超低(di)溫(wen)(wen)啟動艱難，運行摩(mo)擦阻力加上，冷(leng)(leng)凍(dong)機(ji)油體系(xi)工(gong)作壓(ya)(ya)力損(sun)害增大(da)，升溫(wen)(wen)提高(gao)；粘(zhan)度(du)過(guo)低(di)，使液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統的(de)密閉性降低(di)，泄露增大(da)，工(gong)作效(xiao)能(neng)降低(di)，產生相對速度(du)元器(qi)件的(de)損(sun)壞增大(da)，隨后加速元器(qi)件的(de)無效(xiao)。

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業液(ye)壓(ya)油的(de)(de)粘度(du)挑選(xuan)主要在于泵(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)啟動溫(wen)度(du)和(he)體系的(de)(de)大(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作溫(wen)度(du)。冷凍機油針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)過(guo)自然環境(jing)很少的(de)(de)地(di)區，主要考慮到低溫(wen)泵(beng)(beng)吸(xi)作用，粘度(du)宜選(xuan)低些；針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)髙壓(ya)、大(da)流量的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程機械設備，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作溫(wen)度(du)較(jiao)高(gao)（達80℃）時(shi)，粘度(du)宜選(xuan)高(gao)些。針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)冰涼(liang)地(di)區應取(qu)用超低溫(wen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業液(ye)壓(ya)油。

冷(leng)凍(dong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)潤化(hua)的功能很(hen)廣，基本油(you)(you)的種類也很(hen)多，如(ru)：純(chun)礦物(wu)質(zhi)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)，PAO聚ɑ稀烴構成油(you)(you)，酯(zhi)構成油(you)(you)，苯(ben)油(you)(you)，可降(jiang)解酯(zhi)類油(you)(you)。當他(ta)們變成某類工(gong)(gong)業(ye)生產潤滑油(you)(you)時，他(ta)們中間是無法互相(xiang)混(hun)和(he)(he)的，冷(leng)凍(dong)式壓縮機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)，比如(ru)酯(zhi)構成油(you)(you)和(he)(he)別(bie)的工(gong)(gong)業(ye)油(you)(you)混(hun)和(he)(he)以后，其作(zuo)用便會明顯降(jiang)低。冷(leng)凍(dong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)的熔(rong)點即(ji)在(zai)必然(ran)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)壓力下(xia)(xia)，純(chun)物(wu)質(zhi)的固體(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)呈均衡(heng)時的溫(wen)度，也就(jiu)是說(shuo)在(zai)該工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)壓力和(he)(he)熔(rong)點溫(wen)度下(xia)(xia)，純(chun)物(wu)質(zhi)呈固體(ti)(ti)的化(hua)學勢和(he)(he)呈液(ye)體(ti)(ti)的化(hua)學勢相(xiang)同，而針對粒度分布(bu)巨大的車配(pei)潤滑油(you)(you)胺固體(ti)(ti)管理體(ti)(ti)系而言(yan)，表面一部(bu)分不(bu)可以忽略，冷(leng)凍(dong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)其化(hua)學勢則不(bu)但是溫(wen)度和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)壓力的涵數，并且還與(yu)固態顆粒物(wu)的粒度相(xiang)關。

在(zai)各(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)樣(yang)結晶中潤(run)滑油(you)(you)中間作用(yong)力(li)不一(yi)樣(yang)，因此潤(run)滑油(you)(you)熔點(dian)不盡相同，冷凍機(ji)油(you)(you)b5.2，同一(yi)種(zhong)潤(run)滑油(you)(you)，46號(hao)冷凍機(ji)油(you)(you)，熔點(dian)與壓(ya)強相關，一(yi)般(ban)取在(zai)1大(da)(da)氣壓(ya)力(li)下(xia)物(wu)質的(de)熔點(dian)為一(yi)切正常熔點(dian)。在(zai)必然壓(ya)強下(xia)，商品的(de)熔點(dian)和(he)凝點(dian)都(dou)同樣(yang)，融(rong)解時的(de)容積脹大(da)(da)的(de)物(wu)質，在(zai)壓(ya)強加上(shang)是熔點(dian)上(shang)升。

工(gong)業(ye)生產冷凍機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)廠家(jia)一般由基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)和添加劑兩部份構成(cheng)。工(gong)業(ye)生產潤滑油(you)(you)(you)廠家(jia)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)關鍵分(fen)礦物基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)、生成(cheng)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)及其食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)三大(da)類(lei)。礦物基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)普(pu)遍，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量非常大(da)(約(yue)95%之上)，但很(hen)多(duo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)場所(suo)則需要采用(yong)(yong)(yong)生成(cheng)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)或是食(shi)冷凍機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(生物基(ji)(ji))基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)配制的商品，因此(ci)使(shi)這二種(zhong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)獲(huo)得快速發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢。礦油(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)由石油(you)(you)(you)提取而成(cheng)。

潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)油(you)基(ji)礎(chu)油(you)關(guan)鍵(jian)生產過程有：常蒸餾、脫瀝清、精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、溶(rong)劑(ji)脫蠟(la)、白土或加氫(qing)裂化填(tian)補精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。1995年修定了(le)我(wo)國現階段(duan)的冷凍(dong)機油(you)基(ji)礎(chu)油(you)規范(fan)，鶴壁冷凍(dong)機油(you)，關(guan)鍵(jian)調(diao)整(zheng)了(le)分類(lei)方(fang)法，并提高了(le)低凝(ning)和深(shen)層精(jing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩大類(lei)型基(ji)礎(chu)油(you)規范(fan)。礦(kuang)(kuang)物型潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)油(you)的生產制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造，關(guan)鍵(jian)的是采用(yong)佳的石(shi)油(you)。礦(kuang)(kuang)物基(ji)礎(chu)油(you)的成分包含高熔點、高相對(dui)分子質量(liang)烴(jing)類(lei)和非烴(jing)類(lei)混合物質。