膜(mo)(mo)上(shang)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)用(yong)(yong)地(di)膜(mo)(mo)覆蓋田(tian)間的壟溝(gou)底部(bu)(bu)，引入(ru)的灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)水(shui)從地(di)膜(mo)(mo)上(shang)面(mian)流過，并通過膜(mo)(mo)上(shang)小(xiao)孔滲(shen)入(ru)作物根部(bu)(bu)附近的土壤(rang)中進(jin)(jin)行(xing)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)，這種方(fang)法稱作膜(mo)(mo)上(shang)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)，在(zai)新疆等地(di)已大(da)面(mian)積推廣。采用(yong)(yong)膜(mo)(mo)上(shang)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)，深(shen)層滲(shen)漏和蒸發損(sun)失少，節水(shui)顯著，在(zai)地(di)膜(mo)(mo)栽培(pei)的基礎上(shang)不需再(zai)增加材料(liao)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)，并能起(qi)到對土壤(rang)增溫和保墑作用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)干旱地(di)區可將滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)放在(zai)膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)，或利用(yong)(yong)毛管(guan)通過膜(mo)(mo)上(shang)小(xiao)孔進(jin)(jin)行(xing)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)，這稱作膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)。這種灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)方(fang)式既具有滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)的優點(dian)，又具有地(di)膜(mo)(mo)覆蓋的優點(dian)，節水(shui)增產效果更好。

在部分(fen)(fen)干旱(han)地區(qu)，農(nong)業灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)用(yong)水(shui)顯(xian)得十分(fen)(fen)重(zhong)要，灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)報(bao)價，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)由于水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)匱乏(fa)，部分(fen)(fen)灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)沒(mei)有水(shui)源(yuan)的(de)保證。另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)地區(qu)雖有水(shui)源(yuan)但(dan)是(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)的(de)配套(tao)措施(shi)已經(jing)(jing)使用(yong)了接近20年左(zuo)右，水(shui)源(yuan)渠道老化，同時(shi)由于受到當(dang)時(shi)現(xian)實條件的(de)限制，灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)標準(zhun)低(di)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)配套(tao)差，水(shui)源(yuan)渠道也年久失修，每次過程(cheng)(cheng)中滲水(shui)、漏水(shui)現(xian)象嚴(yan)重(zhong)，稀缺的(de)水(shui)沒(mei)有全部到達灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)區(qu)而是(shi)(shi)漏在了管道當(dang)中；另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面，福州灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，大(da)部分(fen)(fen)需要的(de)農(nong)田仍然是(shi)(shi)大(da)面積的(de)漫灌(guan)(guan)，一(yi)(yi)些農(nong)田土地坑(keng)坑(keng)洼(wa)洼(wa)、高低(di)不一(yi)(yi)致，用(yong)水(shui)程(cheng)(cheng)度十分(fen)(fen)嚴(yan)重(zhong)；再者有的(de)灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)老化，失修格外嚴(yan)重(zhong)，更是(shi)(shi)有的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)“帶(dai)病作(zuo)業”，使得灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)能力(li)和經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益大(da)大(da)下降(jiang)。

微(wei)(wei)噴(pen)(pen)灌有(you)哪(na)些優(you)點？節(jie)水效(xiao)果好。微(wei)(wei)噴(pen)(pen)灌可以(yi)有(you)選擇地(di)對局(ju)部作物根(gen)系集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)地(di)方(fang)噴(pen)(pen)灑注(zhu)水，減少了(le)土壤(rang)無(wu)效(xiao)耗水，節(jie)水效(xiao)果比噴(pen)(pen)灌更(geng)好。注(zhu)水質量高。微(wei)(wei)噴(pen)(pen)灌噴(pen)(pen)水如牛毛細雨，灌溉工程哪(na)家好，有(you)利于作物根(gen)系發育，且不會引起土壤(rang)板結(jie)，還能改善田間(jian)小氣(qi)侯，使株(zhu)間(jian)濕度(du)提高20%，溫度(du)降低3℃-5℃，消除作物‘午(wu)睡’現象，促(cu)進作物正常生(sheng)長。同時微(wei)(wei)噴(pen)(pen)灌的(de)水滴(di)小，無(wu)打(da)擊力，不會損傷作物嫩(nen)葉幼芽(ya)。