熱處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)安排(pai)在(zai)軸(zhou)加工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)整個(ge)工(gong)藝過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，應安排(pai)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)熱處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)，以(yi)保證齒(chi)輪軸(zhou)力學性能(neng)及加工(gong)精度要(yao)(yao)求，并改善工(gong)件加工(gong)性能(neng)。一般(ban)在(zai)軸(zhou)毛坯鍛造后(hou)首先安排(pai)正火處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)消(xiao)除(chu)(chu)鍛造內(nei)應力，齒(chi)軸(zhou)加工(gong)價格，細化晶(jing)粒，改善機加工(gong)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)削性能(neng)。在(zai)粗加工(gong)后(hou)安排(pai)調質處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)粗加工(gong)階段，經過(guo)(guo)粗車、鉆孔等工(gong)序(xu)(xu)，齒(chi)輪軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)部分加工(gong)余(yu)量被(bei)切(qie)(qie)除(chu)(chu)。粗加工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)切(qie)(qie)削力和發(fa)熱都很大(da)(da)，在(zai)力和熱的(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)，軸(zhou)產生很大(da)(da)內(nei)應力，通過(guo)(guo)調質處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)消(xiao)除(chu)(chu)內(nei)應力，代(dai)替時(shi)(shi)效處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)得到(dao)所(suo)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)韌性。半加工(gong)后(hou)，除(chu)(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)外，其他表(biao)(biao)面(mian)均已達到(dao)設計尺寸。重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)僅剩精加工(gong)余(yu)量，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)在(zai)齒(chi)部等安排(pai)局(ju)部淬火處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，使(shi)之達到(dao)設計的(de)(de)(de)硬度要(yao)(yao)求，保證這(zhe)些表(biao)(biao)面(mian)耐磨性。而(er)后(hou)續的(de)(de)(de)精加工(gong)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)消(xiao)除(chu)(chu)淬火變形(xing)。

加工順序的安排

機加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)根據基(ji)面(mian)(mian)先l行(xing)(xing)，先粗(cu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，先主(zhu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。對齒輪軸(zhou)一般零件是準(zhun)備好(hao)中(zhong)心孔后(hou)(hou)(hou)，先加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓(yuan)，再加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)其(qi)他部(bu)(bu)分，并(bing)注(zhu)意粗(cu)、精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)分開進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。在(zai)齒輪軸(zhou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝中(zhong)，kn95滾刀軸(zhou)，以(yi)熱處理(li)為(wei)標志，調質處理(li)前(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，淬(cui)火處理(li)前(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)半精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，淬(cui)火后(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。這樣(yang)把各(ge)階段分開后(hou)(hou)(hou)，保(bao)證(zheng)了主(zhu)要(yao)表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，不致因其(qi)他表面(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)力影(ying)響主(zhu)要(yao)表面(mian)(mian)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)。在(zai)安排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)齒輪軸(zhou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)序(xu)(xu)時，還應(ying)注(zhu)意以(yi)下幾點(dian)。(1)該(gai)(gai)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒形(xing)粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)安排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)在(zai)齒輪軸(zhou)各(ge)外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓(yuan)完成半精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)，因為(wei)作為(wei)齒輪軸(zhou)來講，齒形(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是該(gai)(gai)零件加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作量比較大(da)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)難(nan)度(du)也比較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)內(nei)容，其(qi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)置適當放后(hou)(hou)(hou)一些，可提高(gao)定位(wei)基(ji)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)高(gao)度(du)，而(er)齒形(xing)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)安排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)在(zai)該(gai)(gai)零件各(ge)外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓(yuan)等表面(mian)(mian)全部(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)好(hao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，從而(er)消除(chu)齒形(xing)局(ju)部(bu)(bu)淬(cui)火產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱處理(li)變形(xing)。(2)外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓(yuan)表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)(xu)應(ying)先加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)直徑外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓(yuan)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)小直徑外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓(yuan)，以(yi)免一開始就降(jiang)低工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛(gang)度(du)。(3)齒輪軸(zhou)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍵槽等次(ci)要(yao)表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一般應(ying)安排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)在(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓(yuan)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)車(che)(che)或(huo)粗(cu)磨(mo)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)、精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)磨(mo)外(wai)(wai)(wai)圓(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。如果在(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)車(che)(che)前(qian)(qian)(qian)就銑車(che)(che)鍵槽，一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，在(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)車(che)(che)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，由(you)于斷(duan)續(xu)切(qie)削而(er)產生振動，既影(ying)響加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量又(you)容易損壞(huai)刀具(ju)；另一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，鍵槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸要(yao)求也難(nan)以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)。這些表面(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)也不宜安排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)在(zai)主(zhu)要(yao)表面(mian)(mian)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)磨(mo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，以(yi)免破壞(huai)主(zhu)要(yao)表面(mian)(mian)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)。

齒輪軸的加工(gong)工(gong)藝分(fen)析

定位基準的選擇

齒(chi)輪軸(zhou)(zhou)主(zhu)要表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)順序，在(zai)很大程(cheng)度(du)上取決于定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。軸(zhou)(zhou)類零件(jian)(jian)(jian)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構特征和(he)(he)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)各主(zhu)要表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置精(jing)度(du)要求都決定(ding)(ding)了以軸(zhou)(zhou)線為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)l理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣既保證基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)統(tong)一(yi)，又使定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)與(yu)設計基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)重(zhong)合(he)。一(yi)般多以外(wai)圓(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，以軸(zhou)(zhou)兩端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)項尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)。具體選擇時(shi)還要注(zhu)意以下幾點(dian)。(1)當(dang)各加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)表面(mian)(mian)間(jian)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)位置精(jing)度(du)要求較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高時(shi)，應(ying)該在(zai)一(yi)次裝(zhuang)(zhuang)夾中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)完成各表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。(2)粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)或(huo)(huo)不能用(yong)兩端(duan)(duan)頂(ding)(ding)l尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)（如(ru)(ru)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)孔(kong)(kong)）定(ding)(ding)位時(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)，可(ke)只(zhi)用(yong)外(wai)圓(yuan)表面(mian)(mian)定(ding)(ding)位或(huo)(huo)用(yong)外(wai)圓(yuan)表面(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)一(yi)端(duan)(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)孔(kong)(kong)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)。在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應(ying)交(jiao)替使用(yong)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)圓(yuan)和(he)(he)一(yi)端(duan)(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)孔(kong)(kong)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，以滿足相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)位置精(jing)度(du)要求。(3)如(ru)(ru)果軸(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)帶通孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)，通孔(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)出后(hou)(hou)將使原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)l尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)消(xiao)失。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了仍能用(yong)頂(ding)(ding)l尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)定(ding)(ding)位，一(yi)般均采用(yong)帶有(you)頂(ding)(ding)l尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)堵(du)(du)(du)或(huo)(huo)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)套(tao)(tao)(tao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)軸(zhou)(zhou)。當(dang)軸(zhou)(zhou)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大（如(ru)(ru)銑(xian)床主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)）時(shi)，可(ke)用(yong)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)套(tao)(tao)(tao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)軸(zhou)(zhou)；當(dang)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小（如(ru)(ru)CA6140型機床主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)）時(shi)，可(ke)采用(yong)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)堵(du)(du)(du)。必(bi)須(xu)(xu)注(zhu)意，使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)套(tao)(tao)(tao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)(he)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)堵(du)(du)(du)應(ying)具備較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)并盡量減少其(qi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)次數。錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)堵(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)套(tao)(tao)(tao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)軸(zhou)(zhou)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)孔(kong)(kong)既是(shi)其(qi)本身制造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，又是(shi)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)外(wai)圓(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，傘齒(chi)軸(zhou)(zhou)，因此(ci)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)保證錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)堵(du)(du)(du)或(huo)(huo)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)套(tao)(tao)(tao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)軸(zhou)(zhou)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)孔(kong)(kong)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)同軸(zhou)(zhou)度(du)。若(ruo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小批生(sheng)產，工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)堵(du)(du)(du)上安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)般中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)途不更換。若(ruo)外(wai)圓(yuan)和(he)(he)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)孔(kong)(kong)需反復多次互(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，則(ze)在(zai)重(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)堵(du)(du)(du)或(huo)(huo)軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)(tao)(tao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)軸(zhou)(zhou)時(shi)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)按外(wai)圓(yuan)找正或(huo)(huo)重(zhong)新修磨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)孔(kong)(kong)。從以上分析來看，齒(chi)輪軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)應(ying)考慮這(zhe)樣安排工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)：一(yi)開(kai)始(shi)就以外(wai)圓(yuan)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)鉆(zhan)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)孔(kong)(kong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)車準(zhun)(zhun)備定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)；而粗(cu)車外(wai)圓(yuan)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)續加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)備定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)：此(ci)后(hou)(hou)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了給(gei)半(ban)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)外(wai)圓(yuan)準(zhun)(zhun)備定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，齒(chi)軸(zhou)(zhou)，又先(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)好(hao)前(qian)、后(hou)(hou)頂(ding)(ding)l尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)作(zuo)(zuo)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)；齒(chi)輪齒(chi)形加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)也采用(yong)頂(ding)(ding)l尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，這(zhe)非常好(hao)地體現了基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)統(tong)一(yi)原則(ze)，也充分體現了基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)重(zhong)合(he)原則(ze)。