太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)：將太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能直(zhi)接(jie)轉化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術稱為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能取之不(bu)盡，屋頂(ding)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，只(zhi)要有陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)，隨(sui)時(shi)都有電(dian)(dian)(dian)力。企業利用建(jian)筑屋頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，建(jian)立了可靠、無(wu)噪音的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，不(bu)僅發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，而且增加了建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)美感(gan)，為(wei)企業創造了效(xiao)益。光(guang)(guang)(guang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理是，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照在半導(dao)體p-n結(jie)上，形(xing)成(cheng)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)空穴-電(dian)(dian)(dian)子對，在p-n結(jie)內建(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用下，空穴由(you)n區(qu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)向p區(qu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子由(you)p區(qu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)向n區(qu)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)路后就形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。這就是光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理。并(bing)網光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就是太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能組件產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)經過(guo)并(bing)網逆變器(qi)轉換成(cheng)符(fu)合市電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)之后直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)入公共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網。可以分(fen)為(wei)帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和不(bu)帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)并(bing)網發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。

獨立(li)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)叫離(li)網光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)由太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件、控(kong)制器、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組成，若要(yao)(yao)為交流(liu)負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，還需要(yao)(yao)配(pei)置交流(liu)逆(ni)變器。中國太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)站潛力巨大，配(pei)合積極穩定的(de)政策扶持，到2030年光(guang)(guang)伏裝機容(rong)量將達1億千瓦，光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)，年發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量可達1.3億兆(zhao)瓦時(shi)，相當于少建30多個大型煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)。帶(dai)有(you)(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)并網發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)具(ju)有(you)(you)可調(diao)度性，可以根據需要(yao)(yao)并入或退出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網，還具(ju)有(you)(you)備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)功能，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)網因故停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)可緊(jin)急(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

光(guang)伏(fu)與(yu)傳(chuan)統水處(chu)理市政設施相結合(he)，通過(guo)光(guang)伏(fu)水務(wu)模式(shi)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有效降低水處(chu)理成(cheng)本和單位水處(chu)理的(de)(de)碳排放。再如(ru)光(guang)伏(fu)農業(ye)科技大棚，棚頂安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)光(guang)伏(fu)電池(chi)(chi)或集熱器(qi)，柔性透光(guang)，光(guang)伏(fu)發電項目，適合(he)于某(mou)些農作(zuo)物和經(jing)(jing)濟作(zuo)物生長，也能(neng)(neng)實現工(gong)業(ye)化和土地(di)的(de)(de)高產出。想要安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)家庭(ting)光(guang)伏(fu)發電的(de)(de)屋頂，要有自己(ji)的(de)(de)產權，比如(ru)老家農村的(de)(de)屋頂或者自己(ji)的(de)(de)別墅(shu)，都(dou)可以。如(ru)果房子是租來的(de)(de)，需要和房東(dong)簽(qian)訂建設光(guang)伏(fu)系(xi)統的(de)(de)協議。太陽能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)串聯后進行封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)保護可形成(cheng)大面積的(de)(de)太陽電池(chi)(chi)組件，再配合(he)上(shang)功率控制器(qi)等部件就形成(cheng)了光(guang)伏(fu)發電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。