一(yi)、普通螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)安裝得(de)過高(gao)(gao)或過低過高(gao)(gao)，則(ze)吃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)到一(yi)定(ding)(ding)深(shen)度(du)時(shi)(shi)，車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)面(mian)頂住工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，增大(da)摩(mo)擦力(li)，甚至把(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)頂彎，造成啃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)現(xian)象；過低，則(ze)切屑不(bu)易排出，車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)徑向(xiang)(xiang)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中心(xin)(xin)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上橫進(jin)(jin)絲杠與(yu)螺(luo)(luo)母(mu)間隙過大(da)，致使吃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)深(shen)度(du)不(bu)斷自動(dong)趨向(xiang)(xiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)深(shen)，從而(er)把(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)起(qi)，出現(xian)啃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。此時(shi)(shi)，應及時(shi)(shi)調(diao)整車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)度(du)，使其刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)尖與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸線等(deng)(deng)高(gao)(gao)（可(ke)利用(yong)尾座對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)）。在粗車(che)和半精車(che)時(shi)(shi)，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)尖位置(zhi)比(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出中心(xin)(xin)高(gao)(gao)1％D左右（D表示被加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)直徑）。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)裝夾不(bu)牢工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛(gang)性(xing)不(bu)能(neng)承受(shou)車(che)削(xue)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)切削(xue)力(li)，因而(er)產生(sheng)過大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)撓度(du)，改變(bian)了車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中心(xin)(xin)高(gao)(gao)度(du)（工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)被抬(tai)高(gao)(gao)了），形成切削(xue)深(shen)度(du)突增，出現(xian)啃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，此時(shi)(shi)應把(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)裝夾牢固，可(ke)使用(yong)尾座等(deng)(deng)，以(yi)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)剛(gang)性(xing)。普通螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)方法有(you)試切法對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀自動(dong)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，可(ke)以(yi)直接用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)試切對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，也可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)G50設(she)置(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)零點，用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)移(yi)設(she)置(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)零點進(jin)(jin)行對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)要求不(bu)是(shi)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)，特別是(shi)Z向(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)沒有(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制，可(ke)以(yi)根據(ju)編程加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要求而(er)定(ding)(ding)。二、普通螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸分析1、螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)直徑考慮螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)牙(ya)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)膨脹量(liang)，螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)直徑D／D－0.1P，即螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)大(da)徑減0.1螺(luo)(luo)距(ju)，一(yi)般根據(ju)材料變(bian)形能(neng)力(li)小(xiao)取比(bi)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)大(da)徑小(xiao)0.1到0.5。2、螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)進(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)可(ke)以(yi)參考螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)底(di)徑，即螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)終(zhong)進(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)位置(zhi)。螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)小(xiao)徑為(wei)(wei)：大(da)徑－2倍牙(ya)高(gao)(gao)；牙(ya)高(gao)(gao)＝0.54P（P為(wei)(wei)螺(luo)(luo)距(ju)）螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)應不(bu)斷減少，具(ju)(ju)體(ti)進(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)根據(ju)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作材料進(jin)(jin)行選擇(ze)。

在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)中，車銑(xian)(xian)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一般(ban)需要(yao)運用多把刀具，所以(yi)我們(men)要(yao)合(he)理(li)安排(pai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)次(ci)序(xu)，這樣(yang)有利于提高加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)率及經濟效益。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安排(pai)車銑(xian)(xian)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時要(yao)遵照'基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)面(mian)(mian)(mian)'、'先(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)后(hou)(hou)孔'、'先(xian)(xian)主后(hou)(hou)次(ci)'及'先(xian)(xian)粗(cu)(cu)后(hou)(hou)精(jing)'的(de)(de)(de)(de)一般(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝原則。定(ding)位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇直接(jie)影(ying)響到加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安排(pai)，作(zuo)為定(ding)位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應先(xian)(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)好，以(yi)便為加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)其(qi)他面(mian)(mian)(mian)供(gong)給一個可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)。因為本道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)選出(chu)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)后(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)，有可(ke)能是(shi)下道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)，所以(yi)待各加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)判定(ding)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，即可(ke)從(cong)畢(bi)竟精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)向(xiang)前逐級倒(dao)推出(chu)整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大致順(shun)序(xu)。判定(ding)車銑(xian)(xian)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)時，還要(yao)先(xian)(xian)了解零件是(shi)否要(yao)進行加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)預加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。預加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常由一般(ban)車床(chuang)(chuang)結束。若毛坯(pi)(pi)精(jing)度較(jiao)高，定(ding)位(wei)(wei)也(ye)較(jiao)可(ke)靠，或加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)充(chong)分(fen)且均勻(yun)，則可(ke)不必進行預加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，而直接(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)上(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。這時，要(yao)根據毛坯(pi)(pi)粗(cu)(cu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度考慮加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別，可(ke)所以(yi)一道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)或分(fen)紅(hong)幾道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)來結束。車銑(xian)(xian)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)零件時，比較(jiao)難保證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與非加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)，這一點和數控(kong)銑(xian)(xian)削相(xiang)同。因此(ci)，即使圖樣(yang)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)對錯加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，也(ye)需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)制造毛坯(pi)(pi)時在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)非加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)恰當(dang)余(yu)量(liang)，以(yi)便在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，保證(zheng)非加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)符合(he)圖樣(yang)要(yao)求。相(xiang)同，若車銑(xian)(xian)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)預加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)所加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)之(zhi)間有標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，也(ye)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)預加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時留必定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)，盡(jin)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一次(ci)裝夾中結束包括預加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)一切加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)內容。

1）手(shou)(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)沿普(pu)通車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)床(chuang)(chuang)身導軌縱向(xiang)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)尾(wei)座(zuo)(zuo)至(zhi)合適的(de)位(wei)置，逆時針方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)扳動(dong)(dong)(dong)尾(wei)座(zuo)(zuo)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)手(shou)(shou)柄，將(jiang)尾(wei)座(zuo)(zuo)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)。注意移動(dong)(dong)(dong)尾(wei)座(zuo)(zuo)時不(bu)要用力過太(tai)。(2）逆時針方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)手(shou)(shou)柄，搖(yao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)手(shou)(shou)輪，使(shi)(shi)套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)作進、退(tui)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)。順時針方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)手(shou)(shou)柄，將(jiang)套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在普(pu)通車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)選定(ding)(ding)的(de)位(wei)置。(3）擦凈套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)內(nei)孔和錐柄，安裝后(hou)，松開套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)手(shou)(shou)柄，搖(yao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)手(shou)(shou)輪使(shi)(shi)套(tao)(tao)筒(tong)后(hou)退(tui)出后(hou)。

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