絕(jue)緣(yuan)也要具有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械物理(li)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)加工(gong)(gong)制造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。例如制造(zao)低(di)壓電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)時(shi)，盡管從(cong)電(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方面(mian)考慮可(ke)以采用很薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)，但從(cong)機械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝考慮，仍以稍厚一些為好，原因是絕(jue)緣(yuan)過(guo)薄，加工(gong)(gong)較困難，容易(yi)損壞。電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)主要考查(cha)導(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)質(zhi)和(he)截面(mian)積，若導(dao)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)質(zhi)不(bu)好或截面(mian)積嚴重(zhong)不(bu)足，就(jiu)會造(zao)成導(dao)體(ti)直流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)嚴重(zhong)超標(biao)，這種(zhong)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)鋪設在線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)就(jiu)會增加電(dian)流(liu)在線(xian)路(lu)上通(tong)過(guo)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗。耐(nai)火電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)不(bu)同：含鹵電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)原理(li)是靠鹵素的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)效應(ying)，無鹵電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)阻(zu)(zu)燃(ran)原理(li)是靠析出水降低(di)溫度來熄滅火焙；耐(nai)火電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是靠耐(nai)火層(ceng)中(zhong)云(yun)母材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)火、耐(nai)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)，保證電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在火災時(shi)也工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)正(zheng)常。

中高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜一(yi)(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)過氧化(hua)物(wu)交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)，即用(yong)化(hua)學方(fang)法將線(xian)性(xing)分子通過化(hua)學交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)反(fan)應起來，轉化(hua)為(wei)立體網(wang)狀結構。化(hua)學交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)一(yi)(yi)般還可(ke)分為(wei)過氧化(hua)物(wu)交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)和接枝交(jiao)(jiao)聯(lian)(lian)兩種。每(mei)層單線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)合方(fang)向應和前一(yi)(yi)層方(fang)向相(xiang)反(fan)，外層應用(yong)左向絞(jiao)(jiao)合。這種結構可(ke)保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)芯的(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)和一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)柔軟性(xing)。絕緣層的(de)(de)(de)材料必須具有良好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣性(xing)能，主要表現為(wei)承受電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)。一(yi)(yi)般地講，同一(yi)(yi)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣層愈厚(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜品牌，耐(nai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也越高。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)利用導(dao)體來(lai)傳導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因而電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規格都以(yi)導(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)截(jie)面表(biao)示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)體，可(ke)以(yi)制成(cheng)(cheng)整根(gen)實心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，或是(shi)(shi)(shi)由多根(gen)單線(xian)(xian)(xian)絞合而成(cheng)(cheng)，形(xing)(xing)狀可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)圓形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和扇形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構。扇形(xing)(xing)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)必須位(wei)于(yu)扇形(xing)(xing)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上，否則，當線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯彎曲時(shi)，位(wei)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上部導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)將被拉伸，而下部的(de)(de)(de)(de)將受壓縮(suo)而可(ke)能擠出(chu)，這將引起扇形(xing)(xing)破壞而損傷絕(jue)緣。耐火電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與(yu)阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)不(bu)同：含鹵電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)原理(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)靠(kao)鹵素的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)效(xiao)應，無鹵電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)阻燃(ran)(ran)(ran)原理(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)靠(kao)析出(chu)水(shui)降低溫度(du)來(lai)熄滅火焙；耐火電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)靠(kao)耐火層中(zhong)(zhong)云母材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐火、耐熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)在火災時(shi)也工作正常。