并網(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)集中式(shi)(shi)(shi)大型并網(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)般都是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，主(zhu)要特(te)點是(shi)將(jiang)所發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)直接輸(shu)送(song)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)統一(yi)調(diao)配(pei)向用戶(hu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統，又稱分(fen)散式(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)供能(neng)(neng)，是(shi)指在用戶(hu)現(xian)場或靠近(jin)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)場配(pei)置較小的光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統，以滿足(zu)特(te)定(ding)用戶(hu)的需求(qiu)(qiu)，支持現(xian)存配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的經濟運行，或者同時滿足(zu)這兩個(ge)方面的要求(qiu)(qiu)。中國太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)站(zhan)(zhan)潛力巨(ju)大，分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，配(pei)合(he)積極穩定(ding)的政(zheng)策扶持，到2030年光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)裝機容量將(jiang)達1億千(qian)瓦，年發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量可達1.3億兆瓦時，相當于少建30多(duo)個(ge)大型煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠。在屋頂(ding)上鋪設光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板具(ju)有(you)隔熱效(xiao)果，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)企業(ye)屋面建立(li)了保溫(wen)層，改(gai)善(shan)(shan)了屋面的保溫(wen)條件(jian)，增(zeng)加了中間空氣循(xun)環，南通光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，減少了直射(she)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)，有(you)效(xiao)地降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)了屋頂(ding)地板的3~5度溫(wen)度，不僅降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)了能(neng)(neng)耗，而(er)且降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)了工廠內部(bu)溫(wen)度，改(gai)善(shan)(shan)了工人的工作環境(jing)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)了夏季降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)成本。

光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件陣列將太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，經過直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)匯(hui)流(liu)(liu)箱集中送入(ru)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)，由(you)并(bing)網(wang)逆變器(qi)逆變成(cheng)(cheng)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供給(gei)建筑自身負載，多(duo)余或(huo)不足的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力通過聯接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)來調節。光(guang)發(fa)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)原(yuan)理是，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)光(guang)照(zhao)在半(ban)導體p-n結(jie)上，形成(cheng)(cheng)新的(de)空穴(xue)-電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)對，在p-n結(jie)內(nei)建電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)作(zuo)用下，空穴(xue)由(you)n區流(liu)(liu)向p區，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)由(you)p區流(liu)(liu)向n區，光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站分布，接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)路后就形成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。這就是光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)是利用太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)直(zhi)接(jie)將太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)。家用太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)由(you)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組、太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)控制器(qi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（組）組成(cheng)(cheng)。

光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統是根據光產生伏(fu)(fu)打(da)效應原理將太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)轉換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，無輻射，逆變器、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜等電(dian)(dian)子器件(jian)都通過 EMC（電(dian)(dian)磁兼容性(xing)）測試，所(suo)以(yi)對人(ren)體沒有危害(hai)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統建設周期(qi)短，長(chang)期(qi)收益高，可(ke)以(yi)穩定運行25年(nian)以(yi)上，從(cong)而給(gei)企業帶來長(chang)期(qi)穩定的(de)收益，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站，光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統已成(cheng)為(wei)企業在新時(shi)代(dai)的(de)標準配(pei)置(zhi)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)：將太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)直(zhi)接轉化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)技術(shu)稱為(wei)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)技術(shu)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)取之不(bu)盡，只要有陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光，隨時(shi)都有電(dian)(dian)力(li)。企業利用建筑屋頂的(de)優勢，建立了(le)(le)可(ke)靠、無噪音的(de)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)站，不(bu)僅(jin)發(fa)揮了(le)(le)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)作用，而且增加了(le)(le)建筑的(de)美感，為(wei)企業創(chuang)造了(le)(le)效益。