鋼筋(jin)混凝土頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)較小覆(fu)土：一般(ban)要(yao)求管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)覆(fu)土大于2.5倍的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道外(wai)直徑(jing)，其(qi)不(bu)得小于1.5倍的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道外(wai)直徑(jing)。 其(qi)次(ci) 鋼筋(jin)混凝土頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施工需防(fang)止(zhi)地(di)面(mian)的(de)沉降(jiang)或(huo)隆起：在頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施工沿線按一定間距布設沉降(jiang)觀測點，監測頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)進(jin)施工期間的(de)地(di)面(mian)沉降(jiang)量。開挖端面(mian)的(de)取土過多(duo)或(huo)過少(shao)，會造成地(di)面(mian)的(de)沉降(jiang)或(huo)隆起。為避(bi)免這種不(bu)良影響(xiang)，可采(cai)取以下措施：在壓(ya)(ya)漿時要(yao)控制好壓(ya)(ya)力，恰好能平(ping)衡“泥漿套”以上(shang)土體的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力。嚴格(ge)控制管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道 接(jie)口的(de)密(mi)封質量，防(fang)止(zhi)滲漏。在某(mou)些管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節埋藏(zang)較淺，離(li)地(di)面(mian)不(bu)足1.5米的(de)位置，可采(cai)用(yong)沿管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線局部(bu)壓(ya)(ya)鋼板，上(shang)堆砂包加(jia)載的(de)形式，防(fang)止(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)進(jin)時觸變(bian)泥漿上(shang)浮使到(dao)泥漿套失(shi)效。

頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)項用(yong)于市政施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)非開挖(wa)掘進式(shi)管道鋪設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。優(you)點在于不(bu)影(ying)響周圍環境或(huo)者(zhe)影(ying)響較(jiao)小，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)場地(di)小，陽谷頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管，噪音小。而且能夠深入地(di)下作業，這是(shi)(shi)開挖(wa)埋管無法(fa)比擬的(de)(de)(de)優(you)點。但是(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管技(ji)(ji)術(shu)也有(you)缺點，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時間較(jiao)長(chang)，工(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)高等。目(mu)前(qian)世界(jie)上的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管技(ji)(ji)術(shu)已經發展到了十分成熟的(de)(de)(de)階段，混凝土(tu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管，各(ge)種各(ge)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管方式(shi)方法(fa)出現。但是(shi)(shi)，萬(wan)變不(bu)離(li)其宗，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)原理都是(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)垂直地(di)面(mian)做工(gong)(gong)作井，然后用(yong)高壓(ya)(ya)液壓(ya)(ya)千斤頂(ding)(ding)(ding)，將水泥或(huo)者(zhe)鋼制管道頂(ding)(ding)(ding)入地(di)下，水泥頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管廠家(jia)，各(ge)種技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)差別就在于運輸管道內挖(wa)掘出來的(de)(de)(de)泥土(tu)，石頭等渣的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，有(you)人工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)，有(you)水抽(chou)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，的(de)(de)(de)還有(you)遙控的(de)(de)(de)。

一般采用開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)需要地(di)質比較(jiao)好(hao)、深(shen)(shen)度不(bu)足(zu)4米(mi)的。較(jiao)淺的管(guan)道(dao)(dao)，開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)速度較(jiao)快，晚(wan)上挖(wa)(wa)，早上就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)回填，再鋪上鋼(gang)板，也不(bu)怎么影響交通(tong)(tong)。如果(guo)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)較(jiao)深(shen)(shen)，為防止塌(ta)方，改造(zao)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)鋪設無(wu)需開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)，采用頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)，可(ke)(ke)減少車輛斷(duan)行給市民出行帶來的不(bu)便;在道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)交叉(cha)口(kou)采用不(bu)斷(duan)行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的工(gong)藝，鋼(gang)承口(kou)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)，可(ke)(ke)保(bao)證(zheng)路(lu)(lu)口(kou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)范(fan)圍內在6至(zhi)12個(ge)小時內恢復開(kai)(kai)放(fang)交通(tong)(tong)，保(bao)證(zheng)東(dong)西向道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)的暢(chang)通(tong)(tong)。以(yi)前(qian)鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)(ning)土頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)型鋼(gang)承口(kou)多用于Φ1350mm至(zhi)Φ3000mm的大口(kou)徑頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)，如今，隨著(zhu)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的日益普及，它已經開(kai)(kai)始取代其它鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)(ning)土頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)，國內Φ600mm以(yi)上的鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)(ning)土頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)均(jun)開(kai)(kai)始使用，效果(guo)良好(hao)。