水處理用離子交(jiao)換樹脂有什么作用?

水(shui)(shui)處理樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分為陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)陰(yin)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又細分為鈉(na)型(xing)和(he)氫型(xing)，在水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)離(li)(li)(li)解出某些(xie)陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(如(ru)H+或(huo)Na+)，鈉(na)型(xing)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)鈣鎂(mei)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交換(huan)成(cheng)鈉(na)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，使(shi)水(shui)(shui)變軟(ruan)(ruan)；氫型(xing)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)鈣鎂(mei)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交換(huan)成(cheng)氫離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)使(shi)水(shui)(shui)軟(ruan)(ruan)化，陰(yin)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)含被可(ke)置換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)氫氧根(gen)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)離(li)(li)(li)解出陰(yin)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(如(ru)OH－或(huo)Cl－)，除(chu)硼(peng)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廠家，能(neng)(neng)與(yu)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)根(gen)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交換(huan).即樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)溶(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)互相交換(huan)，從而將(jiang)溶(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)分離(li)(li)(li)出來.同(tong)時使(shi)用陰(yin)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)氫型(xing)陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)以將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)變為純凈水(shui)(shui).水(shui)(shui)處理領(ling)域離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交換(huan)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)需求量(liang)很大，約占(zhan)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交換(huan)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)90%，用于水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)各種陰(yin)陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)去除(chu).

離子(zi)交換樹脂的(de)基本(ben)類型

(１) 強酸性陽離子樹脂

   強(qiang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含有(you)大量(liang)的(de)(de)強(qiang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性基團(tuan)，如磺酸(suan)(suan)(suan)基－SO3H，容(rong)易在(zai)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)離(li)(li)(li)解(jie)(jie)出H+，除(chu)硼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)報價，故呈強(qiang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)離(li)(li)(li)解(jie)(jie)后，本體所含的(de)(de)負(fu)電基團(tuan)，如SO3-，能(neng)吸附(fu)結(jie)合(he)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)其他陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)。這兩個(ge)反應使樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)H+與溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)互相(xiang)交(jiao)換。強(qiang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)解(jie)(jie)能(neng)力(li)很(hen)強(qiang)，在(zai)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性或堿性溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)均能(neng)離(li)(li)(li)解(jie)(jie)和產生(sheng)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)交(jiao)換作用(yong)。湘中(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi). 強(qiang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)使用(yong)一段時間后，必須進行(xing)再(zai)生(sheng)處理(li)，即用(yong)化學藥(yao)品使離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)交(jiao)換反應以(yi)相(xiang)反方向進行(xing)，使樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)官能(neng)基團(tuan)回復原來(lai)狀態，以(yi)供(gong)再(zai)次使用(yong)。如上述的(de)(de)陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是用(yong)強(qiang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)進行(xing)再(zai)生(sheng)處理(li)，此時樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)放出被吸附(fu)的(de)(de)陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)，再(zai)與H+結(jie)合(he)而恢復原來(lai)的(de)(de)組成。

(２) 弱酸性陽離子樹脂

   弱酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)陽離(li)(li)子(zi)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含弱酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基團，如羧基－COOH，能(neng)在水中(zhong)離(li)(li)解出H+ 而呈酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)離(li)(li)解后余下的負電基團，如R-COO－(R為(wei)碳氫(qing)基團)，能(neng)與溶液中(zhong)的其他陽離(li)(li)子(zi)吸附結合(he)，從(cong)而產生(sheng)陽離(li)(li)子(zi)交換(huan)作用(yong)。這種樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即離(li)(li)解性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較弱，除(chu)硼樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)直(zhi)銷(xiao)，在低pH下難以離(li)(li)解和進(jin)行(xing)離(li)(li)子(zi)交換(huan)，只能(neng)在堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、1中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或微酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溶液中(zhong)(如PH5～14)起作用(yong)。湘中(zhong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).弱酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)陽離(li)(li)子(zi)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)是用(yong)酸(suan)(suan)進(jin)行(xing)再生(sheng)(比(bi)強酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較易(yi)再生(sheng))。

（3） 強堿性陰離子(zi)樹脂

   強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)陰離(li)(li)子(zi)樹(shu)脂(zhi)含有強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基團，如季(ji)胺基(亦稱四級胺基)－NR3OH(R為(wei)碳(tan)氫基團)，能在水中(zhong)離(li)(li)解(jie)(jie)出OH－而呈強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。這種(zhong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)的正電基團能與溶液中(zhong)的陰離(li)(li)子(zi)吸附(fu)結合，從而產生(sheng)陰離(li)(li)子(zi)交換作(zuo)用(yong)。湘中(zhong)樹(shu)脂(zhi).強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)陰離(li)(li)子(zi)樹(shu)脂(zhi)的離(li)(li)解(jie)(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)很強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，除硼樹(shu)脂(zhi)，在不同pH下都能正常工作(zuo)。它(ta)用(yong)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)堿(jian)(jian)(如NaOH)進行再(zai)生(sheng)。

(４) 弱(ruo)堿性陰(yin)離子樹脂

    弱(ruo)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)樹(shu)(shu)脂含有弱(ruo)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)基(ji)團，如(ru)伯胺基(ji)(亦稱一級胺基(ji))-NH2、仲胺基(ji)(二級胺基(ji))-NHR、或叔(shu)胺基(ji)(三級胺基(ji))-NR2，它們在(zai)水中(zhong)能離(li)(li)解出OH－而(er)呈弱(ruo)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)。這種樹(shu)(shu)脂的正電基(ji)團能與溶液中(zhong)的陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)吸(xi)(xi)附結合，從而(er)產生陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)交換(huan)作(zuo)用(yong)。湘中(zhong)樹(shu)(shu)脂.弱(ruo)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)樹(shu)(shu)脂在(zai)多數(shu)情(qing)況下是將(jiang)溶液中(zhong)的整個(ge)其他酸(suan)分子(zi)吸(xi)(xi)附。它只能在(zai)中(zhong)性(xing)或酸(suan)性(xing)條件(如(ru)pH1～9)下工(gong)作(zuo)。它可用(yong)Na2CO3、NH4OH進行再生。

離子(zi)交換樹脂的用途是什么(me)

1使用離子交換樹脂將(jiang)糖液脫色提純；

2許(xu)多行業(ye)特別(bie)是高新科(ke)技產業(ye)和科(ke)研領域中廣泛應用(yong)；

3處理能(neng)力大(da)，脫(tuo)色范(fan)圍(wei)廣，脫(tuo)色容量(liang)高，能(neng)除去各(ge)種不同的離子，可以反復再生使用(yong)，工作壽命長，運行費用(yong)較低（雖(sui)然(ran)一次投(tou)入(ru)費用(yong)較大(da)）。

離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂是一類帶有(you)(you)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)基(ji)(ji)的(de)網狀(zhuang)結構(gou)的(de)高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)合物，它由不(bu)溶性(xing)的(de)三維空間網狀(zhuang)骨架、連接(jie)在(zai)骨架上的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)基(ji)(ji)團(tuan)和(he)(he)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)基(ji)(ji)團(tuan)上帶有(you)(you)相反(fan)電(dian)荷(he)的(de)可(ke)交(jiao)換離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)三部分(fen)構(gou)成。離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)陽離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂、陰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂和(he)(he)兩1性(xing)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂。若(ruo)帶有(you)(you)酸性(xing)1功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)基(ji)(ji)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與溶液中的(de)陽離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)進行交(jiao)換，稱為(wei)(wei)陽離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂；若(ruo)帶有(you)(you)堿(jian)性(xing)1功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)基(ji)(ji)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與陰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)進行交(jiao)換，則稱為(wei)(wei)陰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂。兩1性(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂是一類在(zai)同(tong)一樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂中存在(zai)著陰、陽兩種基(ji)(ji)團(tuan)的(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂，包括強(qiang)酸-弱(ruo)堿(jian)型(xing)(xing)、弱(ruo)酸-強(qiang)堿(jian)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)弱(ruo)酸-弱(ruo)堿(jian)型(xing)(xing)。