一(yi)、誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)法(fa)(fa)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)法(fa)(fa)，是利用四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)功(gong)能(neng)，對車床(chuang)坐(zuo)標(biao)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上已(yi)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)進行補(bu)(bu)償(chang)，從而(er)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種方法(fa)(fa)。其是一(yi)種既有(you)效又經濟的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)手段，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)技(ji)術能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)不(bu)是很(hen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)上加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出高(gao)(gao)(gao)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)零件(jian)(jian)。誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)實施可(ke)以(yi)由硬件(jian)(jian)來(lai)完成(cheng)，也可(ke)由軟件(jian)(jian)來(lai)完成(cheng)。 1、編程法(fa)(fa)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)部(bu)分不(bu)變和(he)低速(su)單(dan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)到(dao)達插補(bu)(bu)起始點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，實現四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)插補(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。插補(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程中插補(bu)(bu)進給中遇反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)時，給反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)隙值再正(zheng)式插補(bu)(bu)就可(ke)以(yi)滿足零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)公差(cha)(cha)要(yao)求(qiu)。其他類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)設置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)裝置(zhi)內存(cun)中設有(you)若干個地(di)址，使其作為儲存(cun)單(dan)元存(cun)儲各軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)隙值。當四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)某(mou)個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)被指令改變運動方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)時，四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)裝置(zhi)會(hui)不(bu)定(ding)(ding)時讀(du)取該軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)隙值，并(bing)對坐(zuo)標(biao)位(wei)移(yi)指令值進行補(bu)(bu)償(chang)、修(xiu)正(zheng)，并(bing)根據(ju)要(yao)求(qiu)準確(que)地(di)把車床(chuang)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)在(zai)位(wei)置(zhi)，***或減(jian)小反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)對零件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)影響。 2、對于(yu)采(cai)用半閉環伺(si)服(fu)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)，車床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)和(he)重(zhong)復定(ding)(ding)位(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)受反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)影響，進而(er)影響到(dao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)，對于(yu)這種情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)，能(neng)夠(gou)采(cai)用補(bu)(bu)償(chang)法(fa)(fa)對反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)給予補(bu)(bu)償(chang)，減(jian)少(shao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)。 二、誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)防止法(fa)(fa)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)防止法(fa)(fa)屬于(yu)事前(qian)預防，也就是試(shi)圖通(tong)過(guo)(guo)制(zhi)造(zao)和(he)設計的(de)(de)(de)途(tu)徑來(lai)***可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)源。比如(ru)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)車床(chuang)零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與裝配(pei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)，加(jia)(jia)大車床(chuang)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)(du)，也就是改善車床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)材料(liao)以(yi)及(ji)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)嚴格控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境(jing)，如(ru)車間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境(jing)和(he)溫升(sheng)等方法(fa)(fa)，特別是提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)(tong)方法(fa)(fa)。誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)防止法(fa)(fa)采(cai)用“硬技(ji)術”，不(bu)過(guo)(guo)該方法(fa)(fa)有(you)一(yi)個缺點(dian)，就是車床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)與造(zao)價成(cheng)幾何(he)級(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)關系增(zeng)長。同時，單(dan)純采(cai)用誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)防止的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)來(lai)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)，在(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)達到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求(qiu)后，再提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)會(hui)十(shi)分困難。

現(xian)(xian)象一(yi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)件發(fa)生錐度(du)(du)(du)(du)大小頭現(xian)(xian)象1、四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)數控機床(chuang)(chuang)放置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)沒調(diao)整好，一(yi)高(gao)(gao)一(yi)低，發(fa)生放置(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)平(ping)穩：運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)平(ping)儀調(diao)整四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)數控機床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，打下厚實(shi)的(de)(de)地基，提高(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)數控機床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)。2、車削長軸(zhou)(zhou)時(shi)(shi)，奉獻資(zi)料比(bi)較硬(ying)，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具刀(dao)(dao)(dao)比(bi)較深，形(xing)成讓刀(dao)(dao)(dao)現(xian)(xian)象：挑(tiao)選合理(li)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和恰當的(de)(de)切削進給量防止刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具受力(li)讓刀(dao)(dao)(dao) 　 3、尾(wei)座(zuo)頂針與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)不(bu)同心(xin)：調(diao)整尾(wei)座(zuo)。現(xian)(xian)象二、驅動(dong)器相位燈正常，而加工(gong)(gong)(gong)出來的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)時(shi)(shi)大時(shi)(shi)小注(zhu)：此(ci)種現(xian)(xian)象一(yi)般由主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)引(yin)起(qi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)速(su)滾動(dong)使軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)磨損(sun)嚴峻，導致加工(gong)(gong)(gong)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)改(gai)動(dong)。1、四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)數控機床(chuang)(chuang)拖板(ban)長時(shi)(shi)刻(ke)高(gao)(gao)速(su)運(yun)(yun)轉，導致絲桿(gan)和軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)磨損(sun)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)百(bai)(bai)分表靠(kao)在刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架底(di)部，一(yi)起(qi)經過體系修正一(yi)個固定(ding)循環程(cheng)序，查看(kan)(kan)拖板(ban)的(de)(de)重復(fu)定(ding)位精度(du)(du)(du)(du)，調(diao)整絲桿(gan)空隙(xi)，替(ti)換(huan)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)。2、刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架的(de)(de)重復(fu)定(ding)位精度(du)(du)(du)(du)在長時(shi)(shi)刻(ke)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中發(fa)生誤差：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)百(bai)(bai)分表查看(kan)(kan)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架的(de)(de)重復(fu)定(ding)位精度(du)(du)(du)(du)，調(diao)整機械或替(ti)換(huan)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架3、拖板(ban)每次都能回到加工(gong)(gong)(gong)起(qi)點(dian)，但加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)依然改(gai)動(dong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)百(bai)(bai)分表檢測(ce)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件后是否回到程(cheng)序起(qi)點(dian)，若(ruo)能夠，則檢修主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)，替(ti)換(huan)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)。

在(zai)四軸數(shu)控機床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對象復雜(za)，特別是一(yi)些輪廓曲線形狀以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及位置有(you)變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，再加(jia)(jia)上材料、批量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)增加(jia)(jia)了(le)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)對具體零(ling)件制定(ding)(ding)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序(xu)(xu)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)該(gai)行(xing)(xing)具體分析(xi)和(he)(he)區別對待，靈活處理。這(zhe)樣才能保(bao)證加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)理性。從而提高(gao)生產效率，收獲到高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品。在(zai)編程時(shi)(shi)要充分考慮(lv)兩個層面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，一(yi)是加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序(xu)(xu)，二是參數(shu)，如轉速，進(jin)給量(liang)，切削深(shen)度。　　加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序(xu)(xu)一(yi)般為：先(xian)(xian)鉆孔，后平端。這(zhe)樣可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)鉆孔時(shi)(shi)縮料；先(xian)(xian)粗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，后細加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；先(xian)(xian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)差(cha)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)然后加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)差(cha)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)。　　順序(xu)(xu)一(yi)般應(ying)(ying)按下(xia)列(lie)原則進(jin)行(xing)(xing)：　　1、上道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不能影(ying)響(xiang)下(xia)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)位與夾緊(jin)，中(zhong)間(jian)穿插(cha)有(you)通用車床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)也要綜合(he)考慮(lv)。　　2、行(xing)(xing)內形內腔加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)，后進(jin)行(xing)(xing)外形加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)。　　3、在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)安裝中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)，應(ying)(ying)先(xian)(xian)安排對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件剛性破壞小的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)。　　4、以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)同(tong)定(ding)(ding)位、夾緊(jin)方式或同(tong)一(yi)把(ba)刀(dao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)應(ying)(ying)先(xian)(xian)連接(jie)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)減(jian)少(shao)重(zhong)復定(ding)(ding)位次(ci)(ci)數(shu)，換刀(dao)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)與挪動(dong)壓(ya)板次(ci)(ci)數(shu)。　　5、內叉對既有(you)內表面(mian)(mian)（內型(xing)腔），又有(you)外表面(mian)(mian)需(xu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件，安排加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序(xu)(xu)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)行(xing)(xing)內外表面(mian)(mian)粗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，后進(jin)行(xing)(xing)內外表面(mian)(mian)精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)

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