籃球場場地概述

籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動于1891年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)25日發(fa)源于美(mei)國(guo)(guo)馬薩諸塞州(zhou)春田學院，由該學院體育(yu)(yu)教師詹姆(mu)斯.奈設(she)計發(fa)明(ming)。1892年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)「美(mei)國(guo)(guo)青年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)會(hui)(hui)籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)規(gui)則(ze)」，室(shi)(shi)內體育(yu)(yu)用品(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)制(zhi)(zhi)，當時有(you)13條(tiao)規(gui)則(ze)，第(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1893年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)(dao)23條(tiao)，1897年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)有(you)關犯(fan)規(gui)罰球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，1904年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)青年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)會(hui)(hui)出版一(yi)(yi)本籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)規(gui)則(ze)，室(shi)(shi)內體育(yu)(yu)用品(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)制(zhi)(zhi)，更(geng)換籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)架(jia)，1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編(bian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)全世界統一(yi)(yi)使用的國(guo)(guo)際籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)規(gui)則(ze)，并且在(zai)(zai)1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)奧(ao)(ao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)會(hui)(hui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)的男子籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)(bi)賽(sai)(sai)中(zhong)(zhong)采用（李震中(zhong)(zhong)、1999）。隨后每四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修改改則(ze)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)，籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)架(jia)人(ren)(ren)造草(cao)坪，直到(dao)(dao)2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)后，采取不定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期修改，籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)架(jia)價(jia)格，總計在(zai)(zai)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)多次(ci)修改規(gui)則(ze)條(tiao)文（吳喜松、2006），2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)25日在(zai)(zai)北京召開國(guo)(guo)際籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)總會(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)議通過2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)以及(ji)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)兩次(ci)規(gui)則(ze)的修訂。其中(zhong)(zhong)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)執行(xing)的籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)(bi)賽(sai)(sai)場(chang)地(di)(di)更(geng)改影響(xiang)比(bi)(bi)賽(sai)(sai)大！籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)(bi)賽(sai)(sai)場(chang)地(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)1891年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動發(fa)明(ming)之(zhi)后，從1892年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)(dao)1895年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)九人(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)兩種規(gui)格，1895年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)罰球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)區與(yu)罰球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)線(xian)(xian)，同時限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)男子比(bi)(bi)賽(sai)(sai)上場(chang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)員(yuan)各(ge)(ge)為(wei)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)；女子球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)員(yuan)上場(chang)比(bi)(bi)賽(sai)(sai)各(ge)(ge)為(wei)九人(ren)(ren)，直到(dao)(dao)1948年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)才(cai)采用各(ge)(ge)為(wei)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)。1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)德國(guo)(guo)柏林奧(ao)(ao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)會(hui)(hui)男子籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)首比(bi)(bi)賽(sai)(sai)，室(shi)(shi)外體育(yu)(yu)用品(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)制(zhi)(zhi)，時隔40年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)后的1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)(jia)拿(na)大蒙特婁奧(ao)(ao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)會(hui)(hui)，才(cai)有(you)女子籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)(bi)賽(sai)(sai)。1948年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)倫敦奧(ao)(ao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)會(hui)(hui)到(dao)(dao)1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)洛杉磯奧(ao)(ao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)會(hui)(hui)，籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)(bi)賽(sai)(sai)場(chang)地(di)(di)長26公尺(chi)、寬14公尺(chi)；但(dan)是1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)際籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)總會(hui)(hui)作(zuo)了(le)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)場(chang)地(di)(di)大的變革，從1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始，籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場(chang)的長度(du)(du)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)(dao)28公尺(chi)、寬度(du)(du)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)(dao)15公尺(chi)（1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)際籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)規(gui)則(ze)），同時增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)三(san)分(fen)(fen)線(xian)(xian)的設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，由籃(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)圈中(zhong)(zhong)心點重直到(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)面畫(hua)出長6.25公尺(chi)的一(yi)(yi)個弧線(xian)(xian)，荷塘區體育(yu)(yu)用品(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)制(zhi)(zhi)，成為(wei)三(san)分(fen)(fen)線(xian)(xian)。

(1)實心(xin)鐵條(tiao)，內徑(jing)為0.45米(mi)(45厘米(mi))，籃(lan)球架安裝，漆成(cheng)橙(cheng)色；

(2)圈條的直徑為0.017米(mi)(mi)(17毫(hao)米(mi)(mi))，為0.020米(mi)(mi)(2 0毫(hao)米(mi)(mi))，圈的下(xia)沿設有小環或類似的東(dong)西(xi)，以便懸掛籃網；

(3)它們(men)要(yao)牢固地安(an)裝在籃板(ban)(ban)上(shang)(見下(xia)面注)，籃圈頂面要(yao)成水平，離地板(ban)(ban)3.05米，與籃板(ban)(ban)兩垂直邊的距離相(xiang)等(deng)；

注：我(wo)們建議(yi)：把(ba)籃(lan)(lan)圈(quan)安裝(zhuang)在籃(lan)(lan)板(ban)的結構(gou)架上(shang)，這樣，籃(lan)(lan)圈(quan)上(shang)所(suo)受(shou)的力就不會(hui)直(zhi)接作用到(dao)籃(lan)(lan)板(ban)上(shang)。

株(zhu)洲紅枚(mei)體(ti)育為您講解(jie)籃球知識：

(1)扣籃(lan)：運動員用單手或雙手持球(qiu)，跳起在(zai)空(kong)中自上而下(xia)直接(jie)將球(qiu)扣進籃(lan)筐。

(2)補籃：投籃不中(zhong)時，運動員跳起在(zai)空中(zhong)將球補進(jin)籃內。

(3)卡位：進(jin)攻人運用腳步動作把防守者擋在(zai)自(zi)己(ji)身(shen)后，這種步法叫卡位（多用于沖搶籃板）。

(4)領接球(qiu)：順傳球(qiu)飛行方向移動，順勢接球(qiu)。

(5)錯位(wei)防(fang)守(shou)：防(fang)守(shou)人站(zhan)位(wei)在(zai)自己所防(fang)守(shou)的進攻(gong)人身側，阻撓他(ta)接(jie)球叫錯位(wei)防(fang)守(shou)。

(6)要位(wei)：進攻人用身(shen)體(ti)把防守人擋在(zai)身(shen)后，占(zhan)據有(you)利的接球位(wei)置。

(7)突破：運球超越防守人。

(8)空切：進攻人空手向籃跑動(dong)。

(9)一傳(chuan)：獲(huo)球者(zhe)由守(shou)轉攻(gong)的(de)次傳(chuan)球。

(10)蓋帽：進攻人投籃出手時，防守人設法在空中將球打掉的動作。

(11)補(bu)位：當1個防(fang)(fang)守(shou)人失掉正確防(fang)(fang)守(shou)位置時，另1個防(fang)(fang)守(shou)人及時補(bu)占其(qi)正確的防(fang)(fang)守(shou)位置

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