零(ling)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何形狀(zhuang)精(jing)度(du)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)指軸(zhou)頸、外(wai)錐面、莫氏錐孔等的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓度(du)、圓柱度(du)等，一(yi)般應將其(qi)公差(cha)限制在(zai)尺寸公差(cha)范圍內。對(dui)精(jing)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內外(wai)圓表(biao)面，應在(zai)圖紙上標注其(qi)允許偏差(cha)。對(dui)材(cai)料(liao)硬(ying)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，附近機械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠，在(zai)一(yi)些特殊(shu)情況(kuang)下，精(jing)密機械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)會越(yue)高(gao)越(yue)好(hao)，于加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)之后的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)不(bu)應該太硬(ying)，如果(guo)其(qi)比(bi)機床(chuang)部件(jian)或者機床(chuang)刀具還硬(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話是(shi)沒(mei)法進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。產品(pin)在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，根據不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)同(tong)程度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)程度(du)需要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)劃分，如果(guo)對(dui)精(jing)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)高(gao)，那么進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)個簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)就(jiu)(jiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了。產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)嚴格，后續就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)半精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)。

加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)所用的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)準，稱(cheng)為定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)基(ji)準。作為定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)基(ji)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面（或線、點），在道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)中(zhong)(zhong)只能選擇未加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛坯表(biao)面，這種定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)表(biao)面稱(cheng)粗基(ji)準.在以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)中(zhong)(zhong)就可采用已加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)面作為定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)基(ji)準，這種定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)表(biao)面稱(cheng)精基(ji)準。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝路線的(de)(de)(de)(de)擬定(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)總體布局，主要任務是(shi)選擇各個(ge)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法，確定(ding)(ding)(ding)各個(ge)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)，以及(ji)(ji)整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程中(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)數目的(de)(de)(de)(de)多少等(deng)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝路線擬定(ding)(ding)(ding)須(xu)遵循一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。機(ji)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)過程是(shi)指從原材(cai)料（或半成(cheng)品）制(zhi)成(cheng)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)全部過程。對機(ji)器生產(chan)而言包括原材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)運輸和保(bao)存，生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準備，毛坯的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造，機(ji)械加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠家，零件的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和熱處(chu)理，產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝配、及(ji)(ji)調試，油(you)漆和包裝等(deng)內容(rong)。

從嚴格意義上來講以(yi)及(ji)從角度(du)來講，大型機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)與普通(tong)的(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)有一些區(qu)別和一些不同之處，所以(yi)是(shi)要(yao)知道它(ta)們(men)之間(jian)的(de)(de)具體區(qu)別，這樣才(cai)能來正確(que)區(qu)分(fen)普通(tong)的(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)與大型機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。制定機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程，必須(xu)確(que)定該工(gong)(gong)(gong)件要(yao)經過(guo)幾道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序以(yi)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序進行的(de)(de)先(xian)后順(shun)序，宣(xuan)城機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，僅列出主要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序名稱(cheng)及(ji)其加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序的(de)(de)簡略工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程，稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝路線。微機(ji)械(xie)由于具有能夠在(zai)狹小空(kong)間(jian)內(nei)進行作業(ye)，而又不擾(rao)亂工(gong)(gong)(gong)作環境和對象的(de)(de)特點，在(zai)航(hang)空(kong)航(hang)天、精密儀(yi)器、生(sheng)物等領域有著廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)應用潛力，并成為納(na)米(mi)技(ji)術(shu)研究的(de)(de)重要(yao)手段，因而受到高度(du)重視并被列為21世紀關鍵技(ji)術(shu)。